The RISC-V assembler supports following modifiers for relocatable addresses used in RISC-V instruction operands. However, we also support some pseudo instructions that are easier to use than these modifiers.
%lo(symbol)
The low 12 bits of absolute address for symbol.
%hi(symbol)
The high 20 bits of absolute address for symbol. This is usually used with the %lo modifier to represent a 32-bit absolute address.
lui a0, %hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_HI20 addi a0, a0, %lo(symbol) // R_RISCV_LO12_I lui a0, %hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_HI20 load/store a0, %lo(symbol)(a0) // R_RISCV_LO12_I/S
%pcrel_lo(label)
The low 12 bits of relative address between pc and symbol. The symbol is related to the high part instruction which is marked by label.
%pcrel_hi(symbol)
The high 20 bits of relative address between pc and symbol. This is usually used with the %pcrel_lo modifier to represent a +/-2GB pc-relative range.
label: auipc a0, %pcrel_hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_PCREL_HI20 addi a0, a0, %pcrel_lo(label) // R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I label: auipc a0, %pcrel_hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_PCREL_HI20 load/store a0, %pcrel_lo(label)(a0) // R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I/S
Or you can use the pseudo lla/lw/sw/... instruction to do this.
lla a0, symbol
%got_pcrel_hi(symbol)
The high 20 bits of relative address between pc and the GOT entry of symbol. This is usually used with the %pcrel_lo modifier to access the GOT entry.
label: auipc a0, %got_pcrel_hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_GOT_HI20 addi a0, a0, %pcrel_lo(label) // R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I label: auipc a0, %got_pcrel_hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_GOT_HI20 load/store a0, %pcrel_lo(label)(a0) // R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I/S
Also, the pseudo la instruction with PIC has similar behavior.
%tprel_add(symbol)
This is used purely to associate the R_RISCV_TPREL_ADD relocation for TLS relaxation. This one is only valid as the fourth operand to the normally 3 operand add instruction.
%tprel_lo(symbol)
The low 12 bits of relative address between tp and symbol.
%tprel_hi(symbol)
The high 20 bits of relative address between tp and symbol. This is usually used with the %tprel_lo and %tprel_add modifiers to access the thread local variable symbol in TLS Local Exec.
lui a5, %tprel_hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_TPREL_HI20 add a5, a5, tp, %tprel_add(symbol) // R_RISCV_TPREL_ADD load/store t0, %tprel_lo(symbol)(a5) // R_RISCV_TPREL_LO12_I/S
%tls_ie_pcrel_hi(symbol)
The high 20 bits of relative address between pc and GOT entry. It is usually used with the %pcrel_lo modifier to access the thread local variable symbol in TLS Initial Exec.
la.tls.ie a5, symbol add a5, a5, tp load/store t0, 0(a5)
The pseudo la.tls.ie instruction can be expended to
label: auipc a5, %tls_ie_pcrel_hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_TLS_GOT_HI20 load a5, %pcrel_lo(label)(a5) // R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I
%tls_gd_pcrel_hi(symbol)
The high 20 bits of relative address between pc and GOT entry. It is usually used with the %pcrel_lo modifier to access the thread local variable symbol in TLS Global Dynamic.
la.tls.gd a0, symbol call __tls_get_addr@plt mv a5, a0 load/store t0, 0(a5)
The pseudo la.tls.gd instruction can be expended to
label: auipc a0, %tls_gd_pcrel_hi(symbol) // R_RISCV_TLS_GD_HI20 addi a0, a0, %pcrel_lo(label) // R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I