[PATCH] libstdc++: implement constexpr std::format

Tomasz Kaminski tkaminsk@redhat.com
Mon Mar 2 10:20:50 GMT 2026


On Mon, Mar 2, 2026 at 10:35 AM Ivan Lazaric <ivan.lazaric1@gmail.com>
wrote:

> Exploring the args_neg.cc test failure, I've reduced it to following:
> https://godbolt.org/z/za9heEYKG
> The relevant part is the diagnostics, if both inlining and constexpr are
> enabled,
> then the diagnostics changes, and that test tests reported location of the
> diagnostic.
> <source>:27:25:   required from here
> becomes (and reorders)
> <source>:13:34:   required from here
>
Note that we still get "in 'constexpr' expansion of" messages on above
lines,
so I will update the dg-lines to accept either, or have two separate ones
with:
target { ! c++26 }
target { c++26 }

>
> On Fri, Feb 27, 2026 at 12:31 PM Tomasz Kaminski <tkaminsk@redhat.com>
> wrote:
>
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Feb 26, 2026 at 3:55 PM Ivan Lazaric <ivan.lazaric1@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> libstdc++: partially implement constexpr std::format
>>>
>>> This patch partially implements constexpr formatting from P3391R2,
>>> as such it does not define the __cpp_lib_constexpr_format feature-test
>>> macro.
>>>
>>> This patch mostly adds `_GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR` to functions.
>>>
>>> Add `__format::__toupper` function that work in constexpr.
>>> It is not fully general, but `<format>` doesn't need all uppercasing.
>>>
>>> Avoid using `_Ptr_sink` in constexpr in `__do_vformat_to`,
>>> since it is a bit non-trivial to get it to work, and it is just an
>>> optimization.
>>>
>>> Update some formatting tests to test constexpr as well,
>>> and introduce a dedicated smoke test for constexpr formatting.
>>>
>>> This patch is missing:
>>> * wide constexpr formatting
>>> * constexpr to_{,w}string
>>> * more constexpr tests
>>>
>>> libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
>>>
>>>         * include/std/format:
>>>         Pepper in _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR, replace memcpy with ranges::copy.
>>>         (__format::__toupper): Define.
>>>         (__format::__do_vformat_to):
>>>         Avoid using _Ptr_sink in constexpr.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc: New test.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/debug.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/string.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>         * testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc: Constexpr testing.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Ivan Lazaric <ivan.lazaric1@gmail.com>
>>> ---
>>> Updates to patch:
>>> Replaced __memcpy with ranges::copy
>>> Simplified __toupper as a switch
>>> if (not) consteval replaced with std::is_constant_evaluated()
>>> Rebased on top of your _M_access patch
>>> Removed the version.{def,h} since this doesn't implement full paper
>>> Cleaned up tests as suggested
>>> Added a constexpr.cc test with c++26 target
>>> Killed Counting_constexpr_sink, just going through _Ptr_sink
>>>
>>> Regarding formatting of nullptr:
>>> basic_format_arg(nullptr) will store a `const void*` ,
>>> so `format(nullptr)` will actually go through `formatter<const void*>`.
>>>
>>> I've been testing with GLIBCXX_TESTSUITE_STDS=20,23,26,
>>> two tests are failing in 26 now, both are testing compilation errors:
>>> std/format/arguments/args_neg.cc
>>> std/time/format/data_not_present_neg.cc
>>> Haven't yet investigated.
>>>
>>>
>>>  libstdc++-v3/include/std/format               | 388 +++++++++++-------
>>>  .../testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc         | 126 ++++++
>>>  libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc    | 105 +++--
>>>  .../testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc  | 265 +++++++-----
>>>  .../std/format/functions/format_to.cc         |  63 ++-
>>>  .../testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc    |  24 +-
>>>  .../std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc          |  15 +-
>>>  .../testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc  |  45 +-
>>>  .../testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc   |  73 +++-
>>>  .../testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc    |  18 +-
>>>  libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc   | 230 +++++++----
>>>  libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc    |  78 +++-
>>>  12 files changed, 967 insertions(+), 463 deletions(-)
>>>  create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc
>>>
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format
>>> index 4f0b0f377c6..b5670d0ec32 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format
>>> @@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      struct _Runtime_format_string
>>>      {
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        _Runtime_format_string(basic_string_view<_CharT> __s) noexcept
>>>        : _M_str(__s) { }
>>>
>>> @@ -173,6 +174,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         basic_format_string(const _Tp& __s);
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        basic_format_string(__format::_Runtime_format_string<_CharT> __s)
>>> noexcept
>>>        : _M_str(__s._M_str)
>>>        { }
>>> @@ -197,13 +199,13 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>  #if __cpp_lib_format >= 202311L // >= C++26
>>>    [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -  inline __format::_Runtime_format_string<char>
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR __format::_Runtime_format_string<char>
>>>    runtime_format(string_view __fmt) noexcept
>>>    { return __fmt; }
>>>
>>>  #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
>>>    [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -  inline __format::_Runtime_format_string<wchar_t>
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR __format::_Runtime_format_string<wchar_t>
>>>    runtime_format(wstring_view __fmt) noexcept
>>>    { return __fmt; }
>>>  #endif
>>> @@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    /// @cond undocumented
>>>    [[noreturn]]
>>> -  inline void
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>    __throw_format_error(const char* __what)
>>>    { _GLIBCXX_THROW_OR_ABORT(format_error(__what)); }
>>>
>>> @@ -249,27 +251,27 @@ namespace __format
>>>    // XXX use named functions for each constexpr error?
>>>
>>>    [[noreturn]]
>>> -  inline void
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>    __unmatched_left_brace_in_format_string()
>>>    { __throw_format_error("format error: unmatched '{' in format
>>> string"); }
>>>
>>>    [[noreturn]]
>>> -  inline void
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>    __unmatched_right_brace_in_format_string()
>>>    { __throw_format_error("format error: unmatched '}' in format
>>> string"); }
>>>
>>>    [[noreturn]]
>>> -  inline void
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>    __conflicting_indexing_in_format_string()
>>>    { __throw_format_error("format error: conflicting indexing style in
>>> format string"); }
>>>
>>>    [[noreturn]]
>>> -  inline void
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>    __invalid_arg_id_in_format_string()
>>>    { __throw_format_error("format error: invalid arg-id in format
>>> string"); }
>>>
>>>    [[noreturn]]
>>> -  inline void
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>    __failed_to_parse_format_spec()
>>>    { __throw_format_error("format error: failed to parse format-spec"); }
>>>
>>> @@ -517,7 +519,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    using enum _WidthPrec;
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Context>
>>> -    size_t
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>      __int_from_arg(const basic_format_arg<_Context>& __arg);
>>>
>>>    constexpr bool __is_digit(char __c)
>>> @@ -750,7 +752,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Context>
>>> -       size_t
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>         _M_get_width(_Context& __ctx) const
>>>         {
>>>           size_t __width = 0;
>>> @@ -762,7 +764,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Context>
>>> -       size_t
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>         _M_get_precision(_Context& __ctx) const
>>>         {
>>>           size_t __prec = -1;
>>> @@ -775,7 +777,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      };
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Int>
>>> -    inline char*
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR char*
>>>      __put_sign(_Int __i, _Sign __sign, char* __dest) noexcept
>>>      {
>>>        if (__i < 0)
>>> @@ -792,7 +794,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    // Write STR to OUT (and do so efficiently if OUT is a _Sink_iter).
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
>>>      requires output_iterator<_Out, const _CharT&>
>>> -    inline _Out
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __str)
>>>      {
>>>        if constexpr (is_same_v<_Out, _Sink_iter<_CharT>>)
>>> @@ -809,7 +811,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    // Write STR to OUT with NFILL copies of FILL_CHAR specified by ALIGN.
>>>    // pre: __align != _Align_default
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_padded(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __str,
>>>                    _Align __align, size_t __nfill, char32_t __fill_char)
>>>      {
>>> @@ -883,7 +885,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    // Write STR to OUT, with alignment and padding as determined by SPEC.
>>>    // pre: __spec._M_align != _Align_default || __align != _Align_default
>>>    template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_padded_as_spec(basic_string_view<type_identity_t<_CharT>>
>>> __str,
>>>                            size_t __estimated_width,
>>>                            basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
>>> @@ -905,7 +907,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>     template<typename _CharT>
>>> -     size_t
>>> +     _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>       __truncate(basic_string_view<_CharT>& __s, size_t __prec)
>>>       {
>>>         if constexpr (__unicode::__literal_encoding_is_unicode<_CharT>())
>>> @@ -1049,7 +1051,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    using uint_least32_t = __UINT_LEAST32_TYPE__;
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_escape_seq(_Out __out, uint_least32_t __val,
>>>                        basic_string_view<_CharT> __prefix)
>>>      {
>>> @@ -1079,7 +1081,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_escape_seqs(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __units)
>>>      {
>>>        using _UChar = make_unsigned_t<_CharT>;
>>> @@ -1090,7 +1092,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_escaped_char(_Out __out, _CharT __c)
>>>      {
>>>        using _UChar = make_unsigned_t<_CharT>;
>>> @@ -1116,7 +1118,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>    template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_escaped_ascii(_Out __out,
>>>                           basic_string_view<_CharT> __str,
>>>                           _Term_char __term)
>>> @@ -1146,7 +1148,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>    template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_escaped_unicode_part(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT>&
>>> __str,
>>>                                  bool& __prev_esc, _Term_char __term)
>>>      {
>>> @@ -1224,7 +1226,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>    template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_escaped_unicode(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __str,
>>>                             _Term_char __term)
>>>      {
>>> @@ -1236,7 +1238,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>    template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __write_escaped(_Out __out,  basic_string_view<_CharT> __str,
>>> _Term_char __term)
>>>      {
>>>        __out = __format::__write(__out,
>>> _Escapes<_CharT>::_S_term(__term));
>>> @@ -1257,12 +1259,14 @@ namespace __format
>>>    struct _Optional_locale
>>>    {
>>>      [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>      _Optional_locale() : _M_dummy(), _M_hasval(false) { }
>>>
>>>      _Optional_locale(const locale& __loc) noexcept
>>>      : _M_loc(__loc), _M_hasval(true)
>>>      { }
>>>
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>      _Optional_locale(const _Optional_locale& __l) noexcept
>>>      : _M_dummy(), _M_hasval(__l._M_hasval)
>>>      {
>>> @@ -1270,6 +1274,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         std::construct_at(&_M_loc, __l._M_loc);
>>>      }
>>>
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>      _Optional_locale&
>>>      operator=(const _Optional_locale& __l) noexcept
>>>      {
>>> @@ -1291,6 +1296,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        return *this;
>>>      }
>>>
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>      ~_Optional_locale() { if (_M_hasval) _M_loc.~locale(); }
>>>
>>>      _Optional_locale&
>>> @@ -1317,7 +1323,8 @@ namespace __format
>>>        return _M_loc;
>>>      }
>>>
>>> -    bool has_value() const noexcept { return _M_hasval; }
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>> +    has_value() const noexcept { return _M_hasval; }
>>>
>>>      union {
>>>        char _M_dummy = '\0';
>>> @@ -1391,7 +1398,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> -       _Out
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>         format(basic_string_view<_CharT> __s,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -1408,7 +1415,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> -       _Out
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>         _M_format_escaped(basic_string_view<_CharT> __s,
>>>                           basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -1433,7 +1440,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  #if __glibcxx_format_ranges // C++ >= 23 && HOSTED
>>>        template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
>>>         requires same_as<remove_cvref_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Rg>>,
>>> _CharT>
>>> -       _Out
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>         _M_format_range(_Rg&& __rg, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>&
>>> __fc) const
>>>         {
>>>           using _Range = remove_reference_t<_Rg>;
>>> @@ -1482,6 +1489,25 @@ namespace __format
>>>        _Spec<_CharT> _M_spec{};
>>>      };
>>>
>>> +  [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +  constexpr char
>>> +  __toupper(char __c)
>>> +  {
>>> +    switch (__c)
>>> +    {
>>> +      case 'a': return 'A';
>>> +      case 'b': return 'B';
>>> +      case 'c': return 'C';
>>> +      case 'd': return 'D';
>>> +      case 'e': return 'E';
>>> +      case 'f': return 'F';
>>> +      case 'i': return 'I';
>>> +      case 'n': return 'N';
>>> +      case 'p': return 'P';
>>> +      default: return __c;
>>> +    }
>>> +  }
>>> +
>>>    template<__char _CharT>
>>>      struct __formatter_int
>>>      {
>>> @@ -1641,6 +1667,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Int, typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(_Int __i, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -1689,11 +1716,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>               __res = to_chars(__start, __end, __u, 16);
>>>               if (_M_spec._M_type == _Pres_X)
>>>                 for (auto __p = __start; __p != __res.ptr; ++__p)
>>> -#if __has_builtin(__builtin_toupper)
>>> -                 *__p = __builtin_toupper(*__p);
>>> -#else
>>> -                 *__p = std::toupper(*__p);
>>> -#endif
>>> +                 *__p = __format::__toupper(*__p);
>>>               break;
>>>             default:
>>>               __builtin_unreachable();
>>> @@ -1702,8 +1725,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>           if (_M_spec._M_alt && __base_prefix.size())
>>>             {
>>>               __start -= __base_prefix.size();
>>> -             __builtin_memcpy(__start, __base_prefix.data(),
>>> -                              __base_prefix.size());
>>> +             ranges::copy(__base_prefix, __start);
>>>             }
>>>           __start = __format::__put_sign(__i, _M_spec._M_sign, __start -
>>> 1);
>>>
>>> @@ -1712,6 +1734,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(bool __i, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -1742,6 +1765,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         _M_format_character(_CharT __c,
>>>                             basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc)
>>> const
>>> @@ -1773,7 +1797,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Int>
>>> -       static _CharT
>>> +       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _CharT
>>>         _S_to_character(_Int __i)
>>>         {
>>>           using _Traits = __gnu_cxx::__int_traits<_CharT>;
>>> @@ -1794,6 +1818,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         _M_format_int(string_view __narrow_str, size_t __prefix_len,
>>>                       basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -2068,6 +2093,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Fp, typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(_Fp __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -2197,7 +2223,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>           if (__upper)
>>>             {
>>>               for (char* __p = __start; __p != __res.ptr; ++__p)
>>> -               *__p = std::toupper(*__p);
>>> +               *__p = __format::__toupper(*__p);
>>>             }
>>>
>>>           bool __have_sign = true;
>>> @@ -2502,10 +2528,15 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(const void* __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>&
>>> __fc) const
>>>         {
>>> -         auto __u = reinterpret_cast<__UINTPTR_TYPE__>(__v);
>>> +         // Treating nullptr specially
>>> +         // to enable constexpr formatting of nullptr_t.
>>> +         auto __u = __v
>>> +           ? reinterpret_cast<__UINTPTR_TYPE__>(__v)
>>> +           : (__UINTPTR_TYPE__)0;
>>>           char __buf[2 + sizeof(__v) * 2];
>>>           auto [__ptr, __ec] = std::to_chars(__buf + 2, std::end(__buf),
>>>                                              __u, 16);
>>> @@ -2517,11 +2548,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>             {
>>>               __buf[1] = 'X';
>>>               for (auto __p = __buf + 2; __p != __ptr; ++__p)
>>> -#if __has_builtin(__builtin_toupper)
>>> -               *__p = __builtin_toupper(*__p);
>>> -#else
>>> -               *__p = std::toupper(*__p);
>>> -#endif
>>> +               *__p = __format::__toupper(*__p);
>>>             }
>>>  #endif
>>>
>>> @@ -2590,6 +2617,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(_CharT __u, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc)
>>> const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -2628,6 +2656,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>::iterator
>>>         format(char __u, basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>& __fc) const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -2663,6 +2692,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>>         [[__gnu__::__nonnull__]]
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(_CharT* __u, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc)
>>> const
>>>         { return _M_f.format(__u, __fc); }
>>> @@ -2692,6 +2722,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>>         [[__gnu__::__nonnull__]]
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(const _CharT* __u,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -2722,6 +2753,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(const _CharT (&__u)[_Nm],
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -2751,6 +2783,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, char>::iterator
>>>         format(const basic_string<char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __u,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, char>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -2783,6 +2816,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>::iterator
>>>         format(const basic_string<wchar_t, _Traits, _Alloc>& __u,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -2816,6 +2850,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, char>::iterator
>>>         format(basic_string_view<char, _Traits> __u,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, char>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -2848,6 +2883,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>::iterator
>>>         format(basic_string_view<wchar_t, _Traits> __u,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -2911,6 +2947,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(_Tp __u, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         { return _M_f.format(__u, __fc); }
>>> @@ -3122,6 +3159,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(const void* __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>&
>>> __fc) const
>>>         { return _M_f.format(__v, __fc); }
>>> @@ -3147,6 +3185,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(void* __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         { return _M_f.format(__v, __fc); }
>>> @@ -3172,6 +3211,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(nullptr_t, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         { return _M_f.format(nullptr, __fc); }
>>> @@ -3316,11 +3356,11 @@ namespace __format
>>>        constexpr _Sink_iter
>>>        operator++(int) { return *this; }
>>>
>>> -      auto
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
>>>        _M_reserve(size_t __n) const
>>>        { return _M_sink->_M_reserve(__n); }
>>>
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_discarding() const
>>>        { return _M_sink->_M_discarding(); }
>>>      };
>>> @@ -3352,7 +3392,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>        // The portion of the span that has been written to.
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      span<_CharT>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR span<_CharT>
>>>        _M_used() const noexcept
>>>        { return _M_span.first(_M_next - _M_span.begin()); }
>>>
>>> @@ -3369,7 +3409,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        { _M_next = _M_span.begin(); }
>>>
>>>        // Replace the current output range.
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_reset(span<_CharT> __s, size_t __pos = 0) noexcept
>>>        {
>>>         _M_span = __s;
>>> @@ -3409,11 +3449,14 @@ namespace __format
>>>        struct _Reservation
>>>        {
>>>         // True if the reservation was successful, false otherwise.
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return _M_sink; }
>>>         // A pointer to write directly to the sink.
>>> -       _CharT* get() const noexcept { return
>>> _M_sink->_M_next.operator->(); }
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _CharT*
>>> +       get() const noexcept { return _M_sink->_M_next.operator->(); }
>>>         // Add n to the _M_next iterator for the sink.
>>> -       void _M_bump(size_t __n) { _M_sink->_M_bump(__n); }
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>> +       _M_bump(size_t __n) { _M_sink->_M_bump(__n); }
>>>         _Sink* _M_sink;
>>>        };
>>>
>>> @@ -3421,7 +3464,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        // If anything is written to the reservation then there must be a
>>> call
>>>        // to _M_bump(N2) before any call to another member function of
>>> *this,
>>>        // where N2 is the number of characters written.
>>> -      virtual _Reservation
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR virtual _Reservation
>>>        _M_reserve(size_t __n)
>>>        {
>>>         if (__n <= _M_unused().size())
>>> @@ -3438,12 +3481,12 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>        // Update the next output position after writing directly to the
>>> sink.
>>>        // pre: no calls to _M_write or _M_overflow since _M_reserve.
>>> -      virtual void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR virtual void
>>>        _M_bump(size_t __n)
>>>        { _M_next += __n; }
>>>
>>>        // Returns true if the _Sink is discarding incoming characters.
>>> -      virtual bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR virtual bool
>>>        _M_discarding() const
>>>        { return false; }
>>>
>>> @@ -3461,7 +3504,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    template<typename _CharT>
>>>      class _Fixedbuf_sink final : public _Sink<_CharT>
>>>      {
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_overflow() override
>>>        {
>>>         __glibcxx_assert(false);
>>> @@ -3509,7 +3552,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        _Seq _M_seq;
>>>      protected:
>>>        // Transfer buffer contents to the sequence, so buffer can be
>>> refilled.
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_overflow() override
>>>        {
>>>         auto __s = this->_M_used();
>>> @@ -3528,7 +3571,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         this->_M_rewind();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
>>>        _M_reserve(size_t __n) override
>>>        {
>>>         // We might already have n characters available in
>>> this->_M_unused(),
>>> @@ -3564,7 +3607,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>           return _Sink<_CharT>::_M_reserve(__n);
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_bump(size_t __n) override
>>>        {
>>>         if constexpr (__is_specialization_of<_Seq, basic_string>
>>> @@ -3579,7 +3622,8 @@ namespace __format
>>>           }
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void _M_trim(span<const _CharT> __s)
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>> +      _M_trim(span<const _CharT> __s)
>>>         requires __is_specialization_of<_Seq, basic_string>
>>>        {
>>>         _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__s.data() == this->_M_buf
>>> @@ -3595,16 +3639,18 @@ namespace __format
>>>        // to _M_buf if it overflows? Or even do that for all unused
>>> capacity?
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        _Seq_sink() noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<_Seq>)
>>>        { }
>>>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        _Seq_sink(_Seq&& __s)
>>> noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Seq>)
>>>        : _M_seq(std::move(__s))
>>>        { }
>>>
>>>        using _Sink<_CharT>::out;
>>>
>>> -      _Seq
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Seq
>>>        get() &&
>>>        {
>>>         if (this->_M_used().size() != 0)
>>> @@ -3614,7 +3660,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>        // A writable span that views everything written to the sink.
>>>        // Will be either a view over _M_seq or the used part of _M_buf.
>>> -      span<_CharT>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR span<_CharT>
>>>        _M_span()
>>>        {
>>>         auto __s = this->_M_used();
>>> @@ -3627,7 +3673,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         return __s;
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      basic_string_view<_CharT>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<_CharT>
>>>        view()
>>>        {
>>>         auto __span = _M_span();
>>> @@ -3652,7 +3698,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      protected:
>>>        size_t _M_count = 0;
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_overflow() override
>>>        {
>>>         auto __s = this->_M_used();
>>> @@ -3672,7 +3718,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         _M_count += __s.size();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_discarding() const override
>>>        {
>>>         // format_to_n return total number of characters, that would be
>>> written,
>>> @@ -3682,14 +3728,14 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>      public:
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      explicit
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>        _Iter_sink(_OutIter __out, iter_difference_t<_OutIter> __max = -1)
>>>        : _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_max(__max)
>>>        { }
>>>
>>>        using _Sink<_CharT>::out;
>>>
>>> -      format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
>>>        _M_finish() &&
>>>        {
>>>         if (this->_M_used().size() != 0)
>>> @@ -3718,7 +3764,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        _CharT _M_buf[64]; // Write here after outputting _M_max
>>> characters.
>>>
>>>      protected:
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_overflow() override
>>>        {
>>>         if (this->_M_unused().size() != 0)
>>> @@ -3742,7 +3788,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>           }
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_discarding() const override
>>>        {
>>>         // format_to_n return total number of characters, that would be
>>> written,
>>> @@ -3750,7 +3796,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         return false;
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
>>>        _M_reserve(size_t __n) final
>>>        {
>>>         auto __avail = this->_M_unused();
>>> @@ -3767,7 +3813,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>      private:
>>>        template<typename _IterDifference>
>>> -       static size_t
>>> +       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>         _S_trim_max(_IterDifference __max)
>>>         {
>>>           if (__max < 0)
>>> @@ -3780,7 +3826,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_rebuf(_CharT* __ptr, size_t __total, size_t __inuse = 0)
>>>        {
>>>         std::span<_CharT> __span(__ptr, __total);
>>> @@ -3788,7 +3834,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>      public:
>>> -      explicit
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>        _Ptr_sink(_CharT* __ptr, size_t __n = _S_no_limit) noexcept
>>>        : _Sink<_CharT>(_M_buf), _M_max(__n)
>>>        {
>>> @@ -3813,13 +3859,13 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<contiguous_iterator _OutIter>
>>> -       explicit
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>         _Ptr_sink(_OutIter __out, iter_difference_t<_OutIter> __n = -1)
>>>         : _Ptr_sink(std::to_address(__out), _S_trim_max(__n))
>>>         { }
>>>
>>>        template<contiguous_iterator _OutIter>
>>> -       format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
>>>         _M_finish(_OutIter __first) const
>>>         {
>>>           auto __s = this->_M_used();
>>> @@ -3861,12 +3907,12 @@ namespace __format
>>>        size_t _M_printwidth;
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_ignoring() const
>>>        { return _M_printwidth >= _M_maxwidth; }
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_buffering() const
>>>        {
>>>         if (_M_printwidth < _M_padwidth)
>>> @@ -3876,7 +3922,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         return false;
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_sync_discarding()
>>>        {
>>>         if constexpr (is_same_v<_Out, _Sink_iter<_CharT>>)
>>> @@ -3884,7 +3930,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>             _M_maxwidth = _M_printwidth;
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_flush()
>>>        {
>>>         span<_CharT> __new = this->_M_used();
>>> @@ -3894,7 +3940,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         this->_M_rewind();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_force_update()
>>>        {
>>>         auto __str = this->view();
>>> @@ -3922,7 +3968,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         return false;
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_update(size_t __new)
>>>        {
>>>         _M_printwidth += __new;
>>> @@ -3932,7 +3978,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         return true;
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_overflow() override
>>>        {
>>>         // Ignore characters in buffer, and override it.
>>> @@ -3947,11 +3993,11 @@ namespace __format
>>>           _Str_sink<_CharT>::_M_overflow();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_discarding() const override
>>>        { return _M_ignoring(); }
>>>
>>> -      typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
>>>        _M_reserve(size_t __n) override
>>>        {
>>>         // Ignore characters in buffer, if any.
>>> @@ -3970,7 +4016,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         return _Sink<_CharT>::_M_reserve(__n);
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_bump(size_t __n) override
>>>        {
>>>         // Ignore the written characters.
>>> @@ -3985,19 +4031,19 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>      public:
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      explicit
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>        _Padding_sink(_Out __out, size_t __padwidth, size_t __maxwidth)
>>>        : _M_padwidth(__padwidth), _M_maxwidth(__maxwidth),
>>>         _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_printwidth(0)
>>>        { _M_sync_discarding(); }
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      explicit
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>        _Padding_sink(_Out __out, size_t __padwidth)
>>>        : _Padding_sink(std::move(__out), __padwidth, (size_t)-1)
>>>        { }
>>>
>>> -      _Out
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>        _M_finish(_Align __align, char32_t __fill_char)
>>>        {
>>>         // Handle any characters in the buffer.
>>> @@ -4036,14 +4082,14 @@ namespace __format
>>>        unsigned _M_prev_escape : 1;
>>>        unsigned _M_out_discards : 1;
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_sync_discarding()
>>>        {
>>>         if constexpr (is_same_v<_Out, _Sink_iter<_CharT>>)
>>>           _M_out_discards = _M_out._M_discarding();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_write()
>>>        {
>>>         span<_CharT> __bytes = this->_M_used();
>>> @@ -4069,7 +4115,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         _M_sync_discarding();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        _M_overflow() override
>>>        {
>>>         if (_M_out_discards)
>>> @@ -4078,13 +4124,13 @@ namespace __format
>>>           _M_write();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      bool
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
>>>        _M_discarding() const override
>>>        { return _M_out_discards; }
>>>
>>>      public:
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      explicit
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>        _Escaping_sink(_Out __out, _Term_char __term)
>>>        : _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_term(__term),
>>>         _M_prev_escape(true), _M_out_discards(false)
>>> @@ -4093,7 +4139,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         _M_sync_discarding();
>>>        }
>>>
>>> -      _Out
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>        _M_finish()
>>>        {
>>>         if (_M_out_discards)
>>> @@ -4141,7 +4187,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>                             const _Tp, _Tp>;
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tq>
>>> -       static void
>>> +       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>         _S_format(basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>& __parse_ctx,
>>>                   _Context& __format_ctx, const void* __ptr)
>>>         {
>>> @@ -4154,7 +4200,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>>         requires (!is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, _Handle>)
>>> -       explicit
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>         _Handle(_Tp& __val) noexcept
>>>         : _M_ptr(__builtin_addressof(__val))
>>>         , _M_func(&_S_format<__maybe_const_t<_Tp>>)
>>> @@ -4169,7 +4215,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        _Handle& operator=(const _Handle&) = default;
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      void
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>        format(basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>& __pc, _Context& __fc)
>>> const
>>>        { _M_func(__pc, __fc, this->_M_ptr); }
>>>
>>> @@ -4226,10 +4272,12 @@ namespace __format
>>>        };
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        _Arg_value() : _M_none() { }
>>>
>>>  #if 0
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         _Arg_value(in_place_type_t<_Tp>, _Tp __val)
>>>         { _S_get<_Tp>() = __val; }
>>>  #endif
>>> @@ -4238,7 +4286,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        // Value of second argument (if provided), is assigned to that
>>> member.
>>>        template<typename _Tp, typename _Self, typename... _Value>
>>>         [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -       static auto&
>>> +       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto&
>>>         _S_access(_Self& __u, _Value... __value) noexcept
>>>         {
>>>           static_assert(sizeof...(_Value) <= 1);
>>> @@ -4302,23 +4350,24 @@ namespace __format
>>>           else if constexpr (is_same_v<_Tp, _Handle<_Context>>)
>>>             return (__u._M_handle = ... = __value);
>>>           // Otherwise, ill-formed.
>>> +         __builtin_unreachable();
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>>         [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -       auto&
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto&
>>>         _M_get() noexcept
>>>         { return _S_access<_Tp>(*this); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>>         [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -       const auto&
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR const auto&
>>>         _M_get() const noexcept
>>>         { return _S_access<_Tp>(*this); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>>         [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -       void
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>         _M_set(_Tp __v) noexcept
>>>         {
>>>           if constexpr (is_same_v<_Tp, basic_string_view<_CharT>>)
>>> @@ -4335,7 +4384,8 @@ namespace __format
>>>      class _Arg_store;
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
>>> -    decltype(auto) __visit_format_arg(_Visitor&&,
>>> basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>> +    __visit_format_arg(_Visitor&&, basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Ch, typename _Tp>
>>>      consteval _Arg_t
>>> @@ -4351,20 +4401,21 @@ namespace __format
>>>      public:
>>>        using handle = __format::_Handle<_Context>;
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        basic_format_arg() noexcept : _M_type(__format::_Arg_none) { }
>>>
>>>        [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      explicit operator bool() const noexcept
>>> +      explicit _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR operator bool() const noexcept
>>>        { return _M_type != __format::_Arg_none; }
>>>
>>>  #if __cpp_lib_format >= 202306L // >= C++26
>>>        template<typename _Visitor>
>>> -       decltype(auto)
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>>         visit(this basic_format_arg __arg, _Visitor&& __vis)
>>>         { return __arg._M_visit_user(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis),
>>> __arg._M_type); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Res, typename _Visitor>
>>> -       _Res
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Res
>>>         visit(this basic_format_arg __arg, _Visitor&& __vis)
>>>         { return __arg._M_visit_user(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis),
>>> __arg._M_type); }
>>>  #endif
>>> @@ -4541,7 +4592,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>> -       void
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>         _M_set(_Tp __v) noexcept
>>>         {
>>>           _M_type = _S_to_enum<_Tp>();
>>> @@ -4550,7 +4601,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>>         requires __format::__formattable_with<_Tp, _Context>
>>> -       explicit
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
>>>         basic_format_arg(_Tp& __v) noexcept
>>>         {
>>>           using _Td = _Normalize<_Tp>;
>>> @@ -4564,15 +4615,15 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Ctx, typename... _Argz>
>>> -       friend auto
>>> +       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
>>>         make_format_args(_Argz&...) noexcept;
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
>>> -       friend decltype(auto)
>>> +       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>>         visit_format_arg(_Visitor&& __vis, basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
>>> -       friend decltype(auto)
>>> +       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>>         __format::__visit_format_arg(_Visitor&&, basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Ch, typename _Tp>
>>> @@ -4580,7 +4631,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         __format::__to_arg_t_enum() noexcept;
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Visitor>
>>> -       decltype(auto)
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>>         _M_visit(_Visitor&& __vis, __format::_Arg_t __type)
>>>         {
>>>           using namespace __format;
>>> @@ -4655,7 +4706,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Visitor>
>>> -       decltype(auto)
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>>         _M_visit_user(_Visitor&& __vis, __format::_Arg_t __type)
>>>         {
>>>           return _M_visit([&__vis]<typename _Tp>(_Tp& __val) ->
>>> decltype(auto)
>>> @@ -4679,7 +4730,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Visitor, typename _Context>
>>>      _GLIBCXX26_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST("std::basic_format_arg::visit")
>>> -    inline decltype(auto)
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>>      visit_format_arg(_Visitor&& __vis, basic_format_arg<_Context> __arg)
>>>      {
>>>        return __arg._M_visit_user(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis),
>>> __arg._M_type);
>>> @@ -4689,7 +4740,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  namespace __format
>>>  {
>>>    template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
>>> -    inline decltype(auto)
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
>>>      __visit_format_arg(_Visitor&& __vis, basic_format_arg<_Ctx> __arg)
>>>      {
>>>        return __arg._M_visit(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis),
>>> __arg._M_type);
>>> @@ -4698,7 +4749,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    struct _WidthPrecVisitor
>>>    {
>>>      template<typename _Tp>
>>> -      size_t
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>        operator()(_Tp& __arg) const
>>>        {
>>>         if constexpr (is_same_v<_Tp, monostate>)
>>> @@ -4724,7 +4775,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
>>>  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
>>>    template<typename _Context>
>>> -    inline size_t
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>      __int_from_arg(const basic_format_arg<_Context>& __arg)
>>>      { return __format::__visit_format_arg(_WidthPrecVisitor(), __arg); }
>>>
>>> @@ -4772,11 +4823,11 @@ namespace __format
>>>         const _Format_arg* _M_args;       // Active when _M_packed_size
>>> == 0
>>>        };
>>>
>>> -      size_t
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>        _M_size() const noexcept
>>>        { return _M_packed_size ? _M_packed_size : _M_unpacked_size; }
>>>
>>> -      typename __format::_Arg_t
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename __format::_Arg_t
>>>        _M_type(size_t __i) const noexcept
>>>        {
>>>         uint64_t __t = _M_unpacked_size >> (__i * _S_packed_type_bits);
>>> @@ -4784,7 +4835,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Ctx, typename... _Args>
>>> -       friend auto
>>> +       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
>>>         make_format_args(_Args&...) noexcept;
>>>
>>>        // An array of _Arg_t enums corresponding to _Args...
>>> @@ -4795,10 +4846,11 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>      public:
>>>        template<typename... _Args>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         basic_format_args(const _Store<_Args...>& __store) noexcept;
>>>
>>>        [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      basic_format_arg<_Context>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<_Context>
>>>        get(size_t __i) const noexcept
>>>        {
>>>         basic_format_arg<_Context> __arg;
>>> @@ -4820,7 +4872,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        -> basic_format_args<_Context>;
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Context, typename... _Args>
>>> -    auto
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
>>>      make_format_args(_Args&... __fmt_args) noexcept;
>>>
>>>    // An array of type-erased formatting arguments.
>>> @@ -4830,7 +4882,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        friend std::basic_format_args<_Context>;
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Ctx, typename... _Argz>
>>> -       friend auto std::
>>> +       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto std::
>>>  #if _GLIBCXX_INLINE_VERSION
>>>         __8:: // Needed for PR c++/59256
>>>  #endif
>>> @@ -4849,7 +4901,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        _Element_t _M_args[sizeof...(_Args)];
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Tp>
>>> -       static _Element_t
>>> +       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Element_t
>>>         _S_make_elt(_Tp& __v)
>>>         {
>>>           using _Tq = remove_const_t<_Tp>;
>>> @@ -4875,6 +4927,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        template<typename... _Tp>
>>>         requires (sizeof...(_Tp) == sizeof...(_Args))
>>>         [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         _Arg_store(_Tp&... __a) noexcept
>>>         : _M_args{_S_make_elt(__a)...}
>>>         { }
>>> @@ -4886,7 +4939,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Context>
>>>      template<typename... _Args>
>>> -      inline
>>> +      inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        basic_format_args<_Context>::
>>>        basic_format_args(const _Store<_Args...>& __store) noexcept
>>>        {
>>> @@ -4920,7 +4973,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    /// Capture formatting arguments for use by `std::vformat`.
>>>    template<typename _Context = format_context, typename... _Args>
>>>      [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -    inline auto
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
>>>      make_format_args(_Args&... __fmt_args) noexcept
>>>      {
>>>        using _Fmt_arg = basic_format_arg<_Context>;
>>> @@ -4933,7 +4986,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>    /// Capture formatting arguments for use by `std::vformat` (for wide
>>> output).
>>>    template<typename... _Args>
>>>      [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -    inline auto
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
>>>      make_wformat_args(_Args&... __args) noexcept
>>>      { return std::make_format_args<wformat_context>(__args...); }
>>>  #endif
>>> @@ -4942,13 +4995,13 @@ namespace __format
>>>  namespace __format
>>>  {
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT, typename _Context>
>>> -    _Out
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __do_vformat_to(_Out, basic_string_view<_CharT>,
>>>                     const basic_format_args<_Context>&,
>>>                     const locale* = nullptr);
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
>>> -    format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>>      __do_vformat_to_n(_Out, iter_difference_t<_Out>,
>>>                       basic_string_view<_CharT>,
>>>                       const type_identity_t<
>>> @@ -4982,11 +5035,13 @@ namespace __format
>>>        _Out _M_out;
>>>        __format::_Optional_locale _M_loc;
>>>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        basic_format_context(basic_format_args<basic_format_context>
>>> __args,
>>>                            _Out __out)
>>>        : _M_args(__args), _M_out(std::move(__out))
>>>        { }
>>>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        basic_format_context(basic_format_args<basic_format_context>
>>> __args,
>>>                            _Out __out, const std::locale& __loc)
>>>        : _M_args(__args), _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_loc(__loc)
>>> @@ -4999,7 +5054,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        basic_format_context& operator=(const basic_format_context&) =
>>> delete;
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out2, typename _CharT2, typename _Context2>
>>> -       friend _Out2
>>> +       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out2
>>>         __format::__do_vformat_to(_Out2, basic_string_view<_CharT2>,
>>>                                   const basic_format_args<_Context2>&,
>>>                                   const locale*);
>>> @@ -5015,7 +5070,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         using formatter_type = formatter<_Tp, _CharT>;
>>>
>>>        [[nodiscard]]
>>> -      basic_format_arg<basic_format_context>
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<basic_format_context>
>>>        arg(size_t __id) const noexcept
>>>        { return _M_args.get(__id); }
>>>
>>> @@ -5023,9 +5078,11 @@ namespace __format
>>>        std::locale locale() { return _M_loc.value(); }
>>>
>>>        [[nodiscard]]
>>> -      iterator out() { return std::move(_M_out); }
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR iterator
>>> +      out() { return std::move(_M_out); }
>>>
>>> -      void advance_to(iterator __it) { _M_out = std::move(__it); }
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>> +      advance_to(iterator __it) { _M_out = std::move(__it); }
>>>      };
>>>
>>>
>>> @@ -5164,6 +5221,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      class _Formatting_scanner : public _Scanner<_CharT>
>>>      {
>>>      public:
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        _Formatting_scanner(basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
>>>                           basic_string_view<_CharT> __str)
>>>        : _Scanner<_CharT>(__str), _M_fc(__fc)
>>> @@ -5271,7 +5329,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      };
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT, typename _Context>
>>> -    inline _Out
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      __do_vformat_to(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __fmt,
>>>                     const basic_format_args<_Context>& __args,
>>>                     const locale* __loc)
>>> @@ -5291,7 +5349,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>                       const char* __chars[] = { "false", "true" };
>>>                       if (auto __res = __out._M_reserve(__len))
>>>                         {
>>> -                         __builtin_memcpy(__res.get(), __chars[__arg],
>>> __len);
>>> +                         ranges::copy_n(__chars[__arg], __len,
>>> __res.get());
>>>                           __res._M_bump(__len);
>>>                           __done = true;
>>>                         }
>>> @@ -5329,7 +5387,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>                       string_view __sv = __arg;
>>>                       if (auto __res = __out._M_reserve(__sv.size()))
>>>                         {
>>> -                         __builtin_memcpy(__res.get(), __sv.data(),
>>> __sv.size());
>>> +                         ranges::copy(__sv, __res.get());
>>>                           __res._M_bump(__sv.size());
>>>                           __done = true;
>>>                         }
>>> @@ -5347,14 +5405,16 @@ namespace __format
>>>           __scanner._M_scan();
>>>           return __out;
>>>         }
>>> -      else if constexpr (__contiguous_char_iter<_CharT, _Out>)
>>> -       {
>>> -         _Ptr_sink<_CharT> __sink(__out);
>>> -         __format::__do_vformat_to(__sink.out(), __fmt, __args, __loc);
>>> -         return std::move(__sink)._M_finish(__out).out;
>>> -       }
>>>        else
>>>         {
>>> +         if constexpr (__contiguous_char_iter<_CharT, _Out>)
>>> +           if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +             {
>>> +               _Ptr_sink<_CharT> __sink(__out);
>>> +               __format::__do_vformat_to(__sink.out(), __fmt, __args,
>>> __loc);
>>> +               return std::move(__sink)._M_finish(__out).out;
>>> +             }
>>> +
>>>           _Iter_sink<_CharT, _Out> __sink(std::move(__out));
>>>           __format::__do_vformat_to(__sink.out(), __fmt, __args, __loc);
>>>           return std::move(__sink)._M_finish().out;
>>> @@ -5362,7 +5422,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>      }
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
>>> -    format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>>      __do_vformat_to_n(_Out __out, iter_difference_t<_Out> __n,
>>>                       basic_string_view<_CharT> __fmt,
>>>                       const type_identity_t<
>>> @@ -5402,7 +5462,11 @@ namespace __format
>>>         if constexpr (sizeof...(_Ts) != 0)
>>>           {
>>>             using _Parse_ctx =
>>> __format::_Scanner<_CharT>::_Parse_context;
>>> -           auto __arg = static_cast<_Parse_ctx*>(this)->_M_types[__id];
>>> +           auto* __args = static_cast<_Parse_ctx*>(this)->_M_types;
>>> +           // formatting scanner
>>> +           if (!__args)
>>> +             return;
>>> +           auto __arg = __args[__id];
>>>             __format::_Arg_t __types[] = {
>>>               __format::__to_arg_t_enum<_CharT, _Ts>()...
>>>             };
>>> @@ -5432,14 +5496,14 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out> requires output_iterator<_Out, const char&>
>>>      [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -    inline _Out
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      vformat_to(_Out __out, string_view __fmt, format_args __args)
>>>      { return __format::__do_vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt,
>>> __args); }
>>>
>>>  #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
>>>    template<typename _Out> requires output_iterator<_Out, const wchar_t&>
>>>      [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -    inline _Out
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      vformat_to(_Out __out, wstring_view __fmt, wformat_args __args)
>>>      { return __format::__do_vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt,
>>> __args); }
>>>  #endif
>>> @@ -5465,7 +5529,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  #endif
>>>
>>>    [[nodiscard]]
>>> -  inline string
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR string
>>>    vformat(string_view __fmt, format_args __args)
>>>    {
>>>      __format::_Str_sink<char> __buf;
>>> @@ -5475,7 +5539,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>  #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
>>>    [[nodiscard]]
>>> -  inline wstring
>>> +  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR wstring
>>>    vformat(wstring_view __fmt, wformat_args __args)
>>>    {
>>>      __format::_Str_sink<wchar_t> __buf;
>>> @@ -5506,14 +5570,14 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    template<typename... _Args>
>>>      [[nodiscard]]
>>> -    inline string
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR string
>>>      format(format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
>>>      { return std::vformat(__fmt.get(),
>>> std::make_format_args(__args...)); }
>>>
>>>  #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
>>>    template<typename... _Args>
>>>      [[nodiscard]]
>>> -    inline wstring
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR wstring
>>>      format(wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
>>>      { return std::vformat(__fmt.get(),
>>> std::make_wformat_args(__args...)); }
>>>  #endif
>>> @@ -5542,7 +5606,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
>>>      requires output_iterator<_Out, const char&>
>>> -    inline _Out
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      format_to(_Out __out, format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&...
>>> __args)
>>>      {
>>>        return std::vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt.get(),
>>> @@ -5552,7 +5616,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
>>>      requires output_iterator<_Out, const wchar_t&>
>>> -    inline _Out
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
>>>      format_to(_Out __out, wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&...
>>> __args)
>>>      {
>>>        return std::vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt.get(),
>>> @@ -5584,7 +5648,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
>>>      requires output_iterator<_Out, const char&>
>>> -    inline format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>>      format_to_n(_Out __out, iter_difference_t<_Out> __n,
>>>                 format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
>>>      {
>>> @@ -5596,7 +5660,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
>>>    template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
>>>      requires output_iterator<_Out, const wchar_t&>
>>> -    inline format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
>>>      format_to_n(_Out __out, iter_difference_t<_Out> __n,
>>>                 wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
>>>      {
>>> @@ -5638,10 +5702,11 @@ namespace __format
>>>      class _Counting_sink final : public _Ptr_sink<_CharT>
>>>      {
>>>      public:
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>        _Counting_sink() : _Ptr_sink<_CharT>(nullptr, 0) { }
>>>
>>>        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
>>> -      size_t
>>> +      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>        count() const
>>>        { return this->_M_count + this->_M_used().size(); }
>>>      };
>>> @@ -5676,7 +5741,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>    template<typename... _Args>
>>>      [[nodiscard]]
>>> -    inline size_t
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>      formatted_size(format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
>>>      {
>>>        __format::_Counting_sink<char> __buf;
>>> @@ -5688,7 +5753,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
>>>    template<typename... _Args>
>>>      [[nodiscard]]
>>> -    inline size_t
>>> +    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
>>>      formatted_size(wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
>>>      {
>>>        __format::_Counting_sink<wchar_t> __buf;
>>> @@ -5759,6 +5824,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>  namespace __format
>>>  {
>>>    template<typename _CharT, typename _Out, typename _Callback>
>>> +    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>      typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>      __format_padded(basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
>>>                     const _Spec<_CharT>& __spec,
>>> @@ -5778,14 +5844,16 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>           struct _Restore_out
>>>           {
>>> +          _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>            _Restore_out(basic_format_context<_Sink_iter<_CharT>,
>>> _CharT>& __fc)
>>>            : _M_ctx(std::addressof(__fc)), _M_out(__fc.out())
>>>           { }
>>>
>>> -         void
>>> +         _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>           _M_disarm()
>>>           { _M_ctx = nullptr; }
>>>
>>> +         _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>           ~_Restore_out()
>>>           {
>>>             if (_M_ctx)
>>> @@ -5819,7 +5887,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> -       void
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>         _M_format(__maybe_const<_Tp, _CharT>& __elem,
>>>                   basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
>>>                   basic_string_view<_CharT> __sep) const
>>> @@ -5917,12 +5985,14 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>      protected:
>>>        template<typename _Tuple, typename _Out, size_t... _Ids>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         _M_format(_Tuple& __tuple, index_sequence<_Ids...>,
>>>                   basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>>         { return _M_format_elems(std::get<_Ids>(__tuple)..., __fc); }
>>>
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         _M_format_elems(__maybe_const<_Tps, _CharT>&... __elems,
>>>                         basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -5952,7 +6022,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>           }
>>>
>>>           template<typename _Out>
>>> -           void
>>> +           _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
>>>             _M_format(__maybe_const<_Tps, _CharT>&... __elems,
>>>                       basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
>>>                       _String_view __sep) const
>>> @@ -5968,7 +6038,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>         };
>>>
>>>        template<size_t... _Ids>
>>> -       static auto
>>> +       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
>>>         _S_create_storage(index_sequence<_Ids...>)
>>>           -> __formatters_storage<_Ids...>;
>>>        using _Formatters
>>> @@ -6004,6 +6074,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        // We deviate from standard, that declares this as template
>>> accepting
>>>        // unconstrained FormatContext type, which seems unimplementable.
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(__maybe_const_pair& __p,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -6031,6 +6102,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        // We deviate from standard, that declares this as template
>>> accepting
>>>        // unconstrained FormatContext type, which seems unimplementable.
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(__maybe_const_tuple& __t,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -6194,6 +6266,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
>>>         requires formattable<ranges::range_reference_t<_Rg>, _CharT> &&
>>>                  same_as<remove_cvref_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Rg>>,
>>> _Tp>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(_Rg&& __rg, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc)
>>> const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -6206,6 +6279,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>      private:
>>>        template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         _M_format(_Rg& __rg, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc)
>>> const
>>>         {
>>> @@ -6223,6 +6297,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>
>>>
>>>        template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         _M_format_elems(_Rg& __rg,
>>>                         basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> @@ -6322,6 +6397,7 @@ namespace __format
>>>        // We deviate from standard, that declares this as template
>>> accepting
>>>        // unconstrained FormatContext type, which seems unimplementable.
>>>        template<typename _Out>
>>> +       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
>>>         typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
>>>         format(__format::__maybe_const_range<_Rg, _CharT>& __rg,
>>>                basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc
>>> new file mode 100644
>>> index 00000000000..675641cdbcb
>>> --- /dev/null
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc
>>> @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
>>> +// { dg-do compile { target c++26 } }
>>> +
>>> +#include <format>
>>> +#include <string>
>>> +#include <string_view>
>>> +#include <tuple>
>>> +#include <vector>
>>> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>> +
>>> +constexpr void
>>> +test_format()
>>> +{
>>> +  using namespace std;
>>> +  string res;
>>> +
>>> +  res = format("{}", 'c');
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "c" );
>>> +  res = format("{1} {0} {0}", 'a', 'b');
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "b a a" );
>>> +  res = format("{:?}", '\n');
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "'\\n'" );
>>> +  res = format("{:.^10}", "hello");
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "..hello..." );
>>> +  res = format("{:.>{}}", "world", 8);
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "...world" );
>>> +  res = format("{:+#06X}", 0xa);
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "+0X00A" );
>>> +  res = format("{:p}", nullptr);
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "0x0" );
>>> +  res = format("{:07P}", nullptr);
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "0X00000" );
>>> +  res = format("{} {}", true, false);
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "true false" );
>>> +  res = format("{:+#06b}", true);
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "+0b001" );
>>> +  res = format("{} {} {} {}", "abc", +"def", string_view("ghi"),
>>> string("jkl"));
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "abc def ghi jkl" );
>>> +  res = format("{:?}", "hello\nworld");
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "\"hello\\nworld\"" );
>>> +  res = format("{}", tuple(1, true));
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "(1, true)" );
>>> +  res = format("{:t<12m}", tuple('a', "bc"));
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "'a': \"bc\"ttt" );
>>> +  res = format("{:n}", tuple(nullptr, -1, 1));
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "0x0, -1, 1" );
>>> +  res = format("{}", vector{1, 2, 3, 4});
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "[1, 2, 3, 4]" );
>>> +  res = format("{:?s}", vector{'a', '\n', 'b'});
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "\"a\\nb\"" );
>>> +  res = format("{:n:+}", vector{1, 2, 3});
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "+1, +2, +3" );
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +constexpr void
>>> +test_format_to()
>>> +{
>>> +  using namespace std;
>>> +  char buf[100];
>>> +  char* out;
>>> +
>>> +  out = format_to(buf, "{:.^5}", "foo");
>>> +  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out) == ".foo." );
>>> +  out = format_to(buf, "{} {}", nullptr, true);
>>> +  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out) == "0x0 true" );
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +constexpr void
>>> +test_vformat()
>>> +{
>>> +  using namespace std;
>>> +  string res;
>>> +
>>> +  int arg1 = 1;
>>> +  char arg2 = 'a';
>>> +  bool arg3 = true;
>>> +  res = vformat("{} {:?} {}", make_format_args(arg1, arg2, arg3));
>>> +  VERIFY( res == "1 'a' true" );
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +constexpr void
>>> +test_vformat_to()
>>> +{
>>> +  using namespace std;
>>> +  char buf[100];
>>> +  char* out;
>>> +
>>> +  nullptr_t arg1 = nullptr;
>>> +  string arg2 = "foo";
>>> +  tuple<int, int> arg3{-3, 5};
>>> +  out = vformat_to(buf, "{} {:?} {}", make_format_args(arg1, arg2,
>>> arg3));
>>> +  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out) == "0x0 \"foo\" (-3, 5)" );
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +constexpr void
>>> +test_format_to_n()
>>> +{
>>> +  using namespace std;
>>> +  char buf[100];
>>> +  format_to_n_result<char*> out;
>>> +  int n;
>>> +
>>> +  n = 100;
>>> +  out = format_to_n(buf, n, "{:+} {:?} {}", 1, "\n\n", vector{1, 2, 3});
>>> +  VERIFY( out.size <= n );
>>> +  VERIFY( out.out - buf == out.size );
>>> +  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out.size) == "+1 \"\\n\\n\" [1, 2, 3]" );
>>> +  n = 12;
>>> +  out = format_to_n(buf, n, "{} {} {}", true, nullptr, "long string");
>>> +  VERIFY( out.size > n );
>>> +  VERIFY( out.out - buf == n );
>>> +  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out.out) == "true 0x0 lon" );
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +constexpr bool
>>> +all_tests()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_format();
>>> +  test_format_to();
>>> +  test_vformat();
>>> +  test_vformat_to();
>>> +  test_format_to_n();
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +static_assert(all_tests());
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc
>>> index 43e930c579e..c45659d0d69 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc
>>> @@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
>>> -// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32LE
>>> -DUNICODE_ENC" { target le } }
>>> -// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32BE
>>> -DUNICODE_ENC" { target be } }
>>> +// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32LE
>>> -DUNICODE_ENC -fconstexpr-ops-limit=500000000" { target le } }
>>> +// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32BE
>>> -DUNICODE_ENC -fconstexpr-ops-limit=500000000" { target be } }
>>>  // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
>>>  // { dg-require-effective-target 4byte_wchar_t }
>>>  // { dg-add-options no_pch }
>>>  // { dg-timeout-factor 2 }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>>
>>> -std::string
>>> +constexpr26 std::string
>>>  fdebug(char t)
>>>  { return std::format("{:?}", t); }
>>>
>>> @@ -16,7 +22,7 @@ std::wstring
>>>  fdebug(wchar_t t)
>>>  { return std::format(L"{:?}", t); }
>>>
>>> -std::string
>>> +constexpr26 std::string
>>>  fdebug(std::string_view t)
>>>  { return std::format("{:?}", t); }
>>>
>>> @@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ fdebug(std::wstring_view t)
>>>  #define WIDEN(S) WIDEN_(CharT, S)
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_basic_escapes()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>> @@ -72,7 +78,7 @@ test_basic_escapes()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_ascii_escapes()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>> @@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ test_ascii_escapes()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_extended_ascii()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>> @@ -117,7 +123,7 @@ test_extended_ascii()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_unicode_escapes()
>>>  {
>>>  #if UNICODE_ENC
>>> @@ -166,7 +172,7 @@ test_unicode_escapes()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_grapheme_extend()
>>>  {
>>>  #if UNICODE_ENC
>>> @@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ test_grapheme_extend()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_replacement_char()
>>>  {
>>>  #if UNICODE_ENC
>>> @@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ test_replacement_char()
>>>  #endif // UNICODE_ENC
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_ill_formed_utf8_seq()
>>>  {
>>>  #if UNICODE_ENC
>>> @@ -269,7 +275,7 @@ test_ill_formed_utf32()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_fill()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>> @@ -315,7 +321,7 @@ test_fill()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_prec()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>> @@ -341,7 +347,8 @@ test_prec()
>>>  #endif // UNICODE_ENC
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>>  {
>>>    if (!v.starts_with('"'))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -349,7 +356,8 @@ bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_quotes(std::string_view& v)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_quotes(std::string_view& v)
>>>  {
>>>    if (!v.starts_with('"') || !v.ends_with('"'))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -358,7 +366,8 @@ bool strip_quotes(std::string_view& v)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
>>>  {
>>>    size_t pos = v.find_first_not_of(c);
>>>    if (pos == std::string_view::npos)
>>> @@ -369,7 +378,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n,
>>> char c)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void test_padding()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_padding()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string res;
>>>    std::string_view resv;
>>> @@ -751,8 +761,9 @@ struct std::formatter<DebugWrapper<T>, CharT>
>>>    }
>>>
>>>    template<typename Out>
>>> -  Out format(DebugWrapper<T> const& t,
>>> -            std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
>>> +  constexpr26 Out
>>> +  format(DebugWrapper<T> const& t,
>>> +        std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
>>>    { return under.format(t.val, fc); }
>>>
>>>  private:
>>> @@ -760,7 +771,7 @@ private:
>>>  };
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, typename StrT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_formatter_str()
>>>  {
>>>    CharT buf[]{ 'a', 'b', 'c', 0 };
>>> @@ -770,7 +781,7 @@ test_formatter_str()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_formatter_arr()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>> @@ -786,7 +797,7 @@ test_formatter_arr()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, typename SrcT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_formatter_char()
>>>  {
>>>    DebugWrapper<SrcT> in{ 'a' };
>>> @@ -795,7 +806,7 @@ test_formatter_char()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_formatters()
>>>  {
>>>    test_formatter_char<CharT, CharT>();
>>> @@ -806,38 +817,60 @@ test_formatters()
>>>    test_formatter_arr<CharT>();
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_formatters_c()
>>>  {
>>>    test_formatters<char>();
>>> -  test_formatters<wchar_t>();
>>> -  test_formatter_char<wchar_t, char>();
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      test_formatters<wchar_t>();
>>> +      test_formatter_char<wchar_t, char>();
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>>    test_basic_escapes<char>();
>>> -  test_basic_escapes<wchar_t>();
>>>    test_ascii_escapes<char>();
>>> -  test_ascii_escapes<wchar_t>();
>>>    test_extended_ascii<char>();
>>> -  test_extended_ascii<wchar_t>();
>>>
>>>    test_unicode_escapes<char>();
>>> -  test_unicode_escapes<wchar_t>();
>>>    test_grapheme_extend<char>();
>>> -  test_grapheme_extend<wchar_t>();
>>>    test_replacement_char<char>();
>>> -  test_replacement_char<wchar_t>();
>>>    test_ill_formed_utf8_seq();
>>> -  test_ill_formed_utf32();
>>>
>>>    test_fill<char>();
>>> -  test_fill<wchar_t>();
>>>    test_prec<char>();
>>> -  test_prec<wchar_t>();
>>> +
>>> +  // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
>>>
>> I believe wchar_t is currently supported for character seuences,
>> only numbers are problem here. Could you double check and
>> revise the if !consteval tests.
>>
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      test_basic_escapes<wchar_t>();
>>> +      test_ascii_escapes<wchar_t>();
>>> +      test_extended_ascii<wchar_t>();
>>> +
>>> +      test_unicode_escapes<wchar_t>();
>>> +      test_grapheme_extend<wchar_t>();
>>> +      test_replacement_char<wchar_t>();
>>> +      test_ill_formed_utf32();
>>> +
>>> +      test_fill<wchar_t>();
>>> +      test_prec<wchar_t>();
>>> +    }
>>>
>>>    test_padding();
>>>
>>>    test_formatters_c();
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc
>>> index d342114083e..9d921d59d5f 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc
>>> @@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
>>>  // { dg-add-options no_pch }
>>>  // { dg-additional-options "-DUNICODE" { target 4byte_wchar_t } }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <format>
>>>
>>>  #ifndef __cpp_lib_format
>>> @@ -41,7 +47,7 @@
>>>  #include <cstdio>
>>>  #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_no_args()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string s;
>>> @@ -55,6 +61,7 @@ test_no_args()
>>>    VERIFY( s == "128bpm }" );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> +// not constexpr because of PR124145
>>>  void
>>>  test_unescaped()
>>>  {
>>> @@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ struct brit_punc : std::numpunct<char>
>>>    std::string do_falsename() const override { return "nah bruv"; }
>>>  };
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_std_examples()
>>>  {
>>>    using namespace std;
>>> @@ -125,10 +132,13 @@ test_std_examples()
>>>      VERIFY(s0 == "1,+1,1, 1");
>>>      string s1 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", -1);
>>>      VERIFY(s1 == "-1,-1,-1,-1");
>>> -    string s2 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", inf);
>>> -    VERIFY(s2 == "inf,+inf,inf, inf");
>>> -    string s3 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", nan);
>>> -    VERIFY(s3 == "nan,+nan,nan, nan");
>>> +    if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +      {
>>> +       string s2 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", inf);
>>> +       VERIFY(s2 == "inf,+inf,inf, inf");
>>> +       string s3 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", nan);
>>> +       VERIFY(s3 == "nan,+nan,nan, nan");
>>> +      }
>>>    }
>>>
>>>    // alternate form and zero fill
>>> @@ -143,34 +153,35 @@ test_std_examples()
>>>    }
>>>
>>>    // integer presentation types
>>> -  {
>>> -    // Change global locale so "{:L}" adds digit separators.
>>> -    std::locale::global(std::locale({}, new brit_punc));
>>> -
>>> -    string s0 = format("{}", 42);
>>> -    VERIFY(s0 == "42");
>>> -    string s1 = format("{0:b} {0:d} {0:o} {0:x}", 42);
>>> -    VERIFY(s1 == "101010 42 52 2a");
>>> -    string s2 = format("{0:#x} {0:#X}", 42);
>>> -    VERIFY(s2 == "0x2a 0X2A");
>>> -    string s3 = format("{:L}", 1234);
>>> -    VERIFY(s3 == "1,234");
>>> -
>>> -    // Test locale's "byte-and-a-half" grouping (Imperial word?
>>> tribble?).
>>> -    string s4 = format("{:#Lx}", 0xfffff);
>>> -    VERIFY(s4 == "0xff,fff");
>>> -
>>> -    // Restore
>>> -    std::locale::global(std::locale::classic());
>>> -
>>> -    string s5 = format("{}", -100); // PR libstdc++/114325
>>> -    VERIFY(s5 == "-100");
>>> -    string s6 = format("{:d} {:d}", -123, 999);
>>> -    VERIFY(s6 == "-123 999");
>>> -  }
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      // Change global locale so "{:L}" adds digit separators.
>>> +      std::locale::global(std::locale({}, new brit_punc));
>>> +
>>> +      string s0 = format("{}", 42);
>>> +      VERIFY(s0 == "42");
>>> +      string s1 = format("{0:b} {0:d} {0:o} {0:x}", 42);
>>> +      VERIFY(s1 == "101010 42 52 2a");
>>> +      string s2 = format("{0:#x} {0:#X}", 42);
>>> +      VERIFY(s2 == "0x2a 0X2A");
>>> +      string s3 = format("{:L}", 1234);
>>> +      VERIFY(s3 == "1,234");
>>> +
>>> +      // Test locale's "byte-and-a-half" grouping (Imperial word?
>>> tribble?).
>>> +      string s4 = format("{:#Lx}", 0xfffff);
>>> +      VERIFY(s4 == "0xff,fff");
>>> +
>>> +      // Restore
>>> +      std::locale::global(std::locale::classic());
>>> +
>>> +      string s5 = format("{}", -100); // PR libstdc++/114325
>>> +      VERIFY(s5 == "-100");
>>> +      string s6 = format("{:d} {:d}", -123, 999);
>>> +      VERIFY(s6 == "-123 999");
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_alternate_forms()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string s;
>>> @@ -180,23 +191,26 @@ test_alternate_forms()
>>>    s = std::format("{0:#b} {0:+#B} {0:#o} {0:#x} {0:+#X} {0: #d}", 0);
>>>    VERIFY( s == "0b0 +0B0 0 0x0 +0X0  0" );
>>>
>>> -  s = std::format("{0:+#012g} {0:+#014g} {0:+#014g}", 1234.0);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "+00001234.00 +0000001234.00 +0000001234.00" );
>>> -  s = std::format("{0:+#0{1}g} {0:+#0{2}g} {0:+#0{2}g}", 1234.5, 12,
>>> 14);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "+00001234.50 +0000001234.50 +0000001234.50" );
>>> -
>>> -  s = std::format("{:#.2g}", -0.0);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "-0.0" );
>>> -
>>> -  // PR libstdc++/108046
>>> -  s = std::format("{0:#.0} {0:#.1} {0:#.0g}", 10.0);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "1.e+01 1.e+01 1.e+01" );
>>> -
>>> -  // PR libstdc++/113512
>>> -  s = std::format("{:#.3g}", 0.025);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "0.0250" );
>>> -  s = std::format("{:#07.3g}", 0.02);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "00.0200" );
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      s = std::format("{0:+#012g} {0:+#014g} {0:+#014g}", 1234.0);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "+00001234.00 +0000001234.00 +0000001234.00" );
>>> +      s = std::format("{0:+#0{1}g} {0:+#0{2}g} {0:+#0{2}g}", 1234.5,
>>> 12, 14);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "+00001234.50 +0000001234.50 +0000001234.50" );
>>> +
>>> +      s = std::format("{:#.2g}", -0.0);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "-0.0" );
>>> +
>>> +      // PR libstdc++/108046
>>> +      s = std::format("{0:#.0} {0:#.1} {0:#.0g}", 10.0);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "1.e+01 1.e+01 1.e+01" );
>>> +
>>> +      // PR libstdc++/113512
>>> +      s = std::format("{:#.3g}", 0.025);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "0.0250" );
>>> +      s = std::format("{:#07.3g}", 0.02);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "00.0200" );
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  void
>>> @@ -275,7 +289,7 @@ test_locale()
>>>    std::locale::global(cloc);
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_width()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string s;
>>> @@ -294,30 +308,34 @@ test_width()
>>>    s = std::format("DR {0:{1}}: allow width {1} from arg-id", 3721, 0);
>>>    VERIFY( s == "DR 3721: allow width 0 from arg-id" );
>>>
>>> -  try {
>>> -    s = std::format("Negative width is an error: {0:{1}}", 123, -1);
>>> -    VERIFY(false);
>>> -  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> -  }
>>> -
>>> -  try {
>>> -    bool no = false, yes = true;
>>> -    auto args = std::make_format_args(no, yes);
>>> -    s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id {0:{1}}",
>>> args);
>>> -    VERIFY(false);
>>> -  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> -  }
>>> -
>>> -  try {
>>> -    char wat = '?', bang = '!';
>>> -    auto args = std::make_format_args(wat, bang);
>>> -    s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id {0:{1}}",
>>> args);
>>> -    VERIFY(false);
>>> -  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> -  }
>>> +  // not constexpr because of PR124145
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      try {
>>> +       s = std::format("Negative width is an error: {0:{1}}", 123, -1);
>>> +       VERIFY(false);
>>> +      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> +      }
>>> +
>>> +      try {
>>> +       bool no = false, yes = true;
>>> +       auto args = std::make_format_args(no, yes);
>>> +       s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id
>>> {0:{1}}", args);
>>> +       VERIFY(false);
>>> +      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> +      }
>>> +
>>> +      try {
>>> +       char wat = '?', bang = '!';
>>> +       auto args = std::make_format_args(wat, bang);
>>> +       s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id
>>> {0:{1}}", args);
>>> +       VERIFY(false);
>>> +      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> +      }
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_char()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string s;
>>> @@ -347,6 +365,7 @@ test_char()
>>>    VERIFY( s == "11110000 11110000 240 360 f0 F0" );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> +// constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
>>>  void
>>>  test_wchar()
>>>  {
>>> @@ -395,7 +414,7 @@ test_wchar()
>>>    VERIFY( ws == L"0.5" );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_minmax()
>>>  {
>>>    auto check = []<typename T, typename U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>>(T,
>>> U = 0) {
>>> @@ -422,7 +441,7 @@ test_minmax()
>>>  #endif
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_p1652r1() // printf corner cases in std::format
>>>  {
>>>    std::string s;
>>> @@ -436,27 +455,33 @@ test_p1652r1() // printf corner cases in
>>> std::format
>>>    s = std::format("{:c}", c);
>>>    VERIFY( s == "A" );
>>>
>>> -  // Problem 3: "-000nan" is not a floating point value
>>> -  double nan = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
>>> -  try {
>>> -    s = std::vformat("{:0=6}", std::make_format_args(nan));
>>> -    VERIFY( false );
>>> -  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> -  }
>>> -
>>> -  s = std::format("{:06}", nan);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "   nan" );
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      // Problem 3: "-000nan" is not a floating point value
>>> +      double nan = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
>>> +      try {
>>> +       s = std::vformat("{:0=6}", std::make_format_args(nan));
>>> +       VERIFY( false );
>>> +      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
>>> +      }
>>> +
>>> +      s = std::format("{:06}", nan);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "   nan" );
>>> +    }
>>>
>>>    // Problem 4: bool needs a type format specifier
>>>    s = std::format("{:s}", true);
>>>    VERIFY( s == "true" );
>>>
>>> -  // Problem 5: double does not roundtrip float
>>> -  s = std::format("{}", 3.31f);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "3.31" );
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      // Problem 5: double does not roundtrip float
>>> +      s = std::format("{}", 3.31f);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "3.31" );
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_pointer()
>>>  {
>>>    void* p = nullptr;
>>> @@ -477,28 +502,31 @@ test_pointer()
>>>    s = std::format("{:o<4},{:o>5},{:o^7}", p, pc, nullptr); //
>>> fill+align+width
>>>    VERIFY( s == "0x0o,oo0x0,oo0x0oo" );
>>>
>>> -  pc = p = &s;
>>> -  str_int = std::format("{:#x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> -  s = std::format("{} {} {}", p, pc, nullptr);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int + " 0x0") );
>>> -  str_int = std::format("{:#20x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> -  s = std::format("{:20} {:20p}", p, pc);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      pc = p = &s;
>>> +      str_int = std::format("{:#x}",
>>> reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> +      s = std::format("{} {} {}", p, pc, nullptr);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int + " 0x0") );
>>> +      str_int = std::format("{:#20x}",
>>> reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> +      s = std::format("{:20} {:20p}", p, pc);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
>>>
>>>  #if __cpp_lib_format >= 202304L
>>> -  // P2510R3 Formatting pointers
>>> -  s = std::format("{:06} {:07P} {:08p}", (void*)0, (const void*)0,
>>> nullptr);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == "0x0000 0X00000 0x000000" );
>>> -  str_int = std::format("{:#016x}",
>>> reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> -  s = std::format("{:016} {:016}", p, pc);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
>>> -  str_int = std::format("{:#016X}",
>>> reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> -  s = std::format("{:016P} {:016P}", p, pc);
>>> -  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
>>> +      // P2510R3 Formatting pointers
>>> +      s = std::format("{:06} {:07P} {:08p}", (void*)0, (const void*)0,
>>> nullptr);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == "0x0000 0X00000 0x000000" );
>>> +      str_int = std::format("{:#016x}",
>>> reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> +      s = std::format("{:016} {:016}", p, pc);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
>>> +      str_int = std::format("{:#016X}",
>>> reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
>>> +      s = std::format("{:016P} {:016P}", p, pc);
>>> +      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
>>>  #endif
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_bool()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string s;
>>> @@ -519,7 +547,7 @@ test_bool()
>>>    VERIFY( s == "0 0x1 0X0" );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_unicode()
>>>  {
>>>  #ifdef UNICODE
>>> @@ -579,19 +607,36 @@ test_unicode()
>>>  #endif
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>>    test_no_args();
>>> -  test_unescaped();
>>>    test_std_examples();
>>>    test_alternate_forms();
>>> -  test_locale();
>>>    test_width();
>>>    test_char();
>>> -  test_wchar();
>>>    test_minmax();
>>>    test_p1652r1();
>>>    test_pointer();
>>>    test_bool();
>>>    test_unicode();
>>> +
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      test_unescaped();
>>> +      test_infnan();
>>> +      test_locale();
>>> +      test_wchar();
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc
>>> index 94e6262bc66..ae6ffb3a562 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc
>>> @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
>>>  // { dg-do run { target c++20 } }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <locale>
>>>  #include <vector>
>>> @@ -11,17 +17,20 @@ struct punct : std::numpunct<char>
>>>    std::string do_grouping() const override { return "\2"; }
>>>  };
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test()
>>>  {
>>>    char buf[32] = { };
>>>    auto out = std::format_to(buf, "test");
>>>    VERIFY( out == buf+4 );
>>>
>>> -  std::locale loc({}, new punct);
>>> -  auto out2 = std::format_to(buf, loc, "{:Ld}", 12345);
>>> -  VERIFY( out2 == buf+7 );
>>> -  VERIFY( std::string_view(buf, out2 - buf) == "1,23,45" );
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      std::locale loc({}, new punct);
>>> +      auto out2 = std::format_to(buf, loc, "{:Ld}", 12345);
>>> +      VERIFY( out2 == buf+7 );
>>> +      VERIFY( std::string_view(buf, out2 - buf) == "1,23,45" );
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  struct wpunct : std::numpunct<wchar_t>
>>> @@ -29,6 +38,7 @@ struct wpunct : std::numpunct<wchar_t>
>>>    std::string do_grouping() const override { return "\2"; }
>>>  };
>>>
>>> +// constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
>>>  void
>>>  test_wchar()
>>>  {
>>> @@ -50,20 +60,20 @@ struct move_only_iterator
>>>    using difference_type = iterator::difference_type;
>>>    using iterator_category = std::output_iterator_tag;
>>>
>>> -  move_only_iterator(iterator b) : base_(b) { }
>>> +  constexpr move_only_iterator(iterator b) : base_(b) { }
>>>    move_only_iterator(move_only_iterator&&) = default;
>>>    move_only_iterator& operator=(move_only_iterator&&) = default;
>>>
>>> -  move_only_iterator& operator++() { ++base_; return *this; }
>>> -  move_only_iterator operator++(int) { auto tmp = *this; ++base_;
>>> return tmp; }
>>> +  constexpr move_only_iterator& operator++() { ++base_; return *this; }
>>> +  constexpr move_only_iterator operator++(int) { auto tmp = *this;
>>> ++base_; return tmp; }
>>>
>>> -  decltype(auto) operator*() { return *base_; }
>>> +  constexpr decltype(auto) operator*() { return *base_; }
>>>
>>>  private:
>>>    iterator base_;
>>>  };
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_move_only()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string str;
>>> @@ -72,14 +82,17 @@ test_move_only()
>>>      = std::format_to(std::move(mo), "for{:.3} that{:c}", "matte",
>>> (int)'!');
>>>    VERIFY( str == "format that!" );
>>>
>>> -  std::vector<wchar_t> vec;
>>> -  move_only_iterator wmo(std::back_inserter(vec));
>>> -  [[maybe_unused]] auto wres
>>> -    = std::format_to(std::move(wmo), L"for{:.3} hat{:c}", L"matte",
>>> (long)L'!');
>>> -  VERIFY( std::wstring_view(vec.data(), vec.size()) == L"format hat!" );
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      std::vector<wchar_t> vec;
>>> +      move_only_iterator wmo(std::back_inserter(vec));
>>> +      [[maybe_unused]] auto wres
>>> +                        = std::format_to(std::move(wmo), L"for{:.3}
>>> hat{:c}", L"matte", (long)L'!');
>>> +      VERIFY( std::wstring_view(vec.data(), vec.size()) == L"format
>>> hat!" );
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_pr110917()
>>>  {
>>>    // PR libstdc++/110917
>>> @@ -90,10 +103,24 @@ test_pr110917()
>>>    VERIFY( ! std::memcmp(buf, "abc 123", 7) );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>>    test();
>>> -  test_wchar();
>>>    test_move_only();
>>>    test_pr110917();
>>> +
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_wchar();
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc
>>> index 1ece4108d85..24220f632fe 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc
>>> @@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
>>>  // { dg-do run { target c++20 } }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <string>
>>>  #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test()
>>>  {
>>>    auto n = std::formatted_size("");
>>> @@ -44,8 +50,20 @@ test_wchar()
>>>    VERIFY( n == 5 );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>>    test();
>>> -  test_wchar();
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_wchar();
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc
>>> index 1450fbaebc5..48795440d13 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc
>>> @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
>>>  // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <deque>
>>>  #include <flat_map>
>>>  #include <flat_set>
>>> @@ -64,7 +70,8 @@ struct CustFormat : std::vector<T>
>>>  template<typename T, std::range_format rf>
>>>  constexpr auto std::format_kind<CustFormat<T, rf>> = rf;
>>>
>>> -void test_override()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_override()
>>>  {
>>>    CustFormat<int, std::range_format::disabled> disabledf;
>>>    static_assert( !std::formattable<decltype(disabledf), char> );
>>> @@ -88,8 +95,14 @@ void test_override()
>>>    VERIFY( std::format("{}", debugf) == R"("abcd")" );
>>>    // Support precision as string do
>>>    VERIFY( std::format("{:.3}", debugf) == R"("ab)" );
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_override());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  int main()
>>>  {
>>>    test_override();
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc
>>> index a50c5b1033f..3bd5f37403e 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc
>>> @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
>>>  // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <flat_map>
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>> @@ -32,7 +38,7 @@ struct std::formatter<MyVector<T, Formatter>, CharT>
>>>    { return _formatter.parse(pc);  }
>>>
>>>    template<typename Out>
>>> -  typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
>>> +  constexpr26 std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
>>>    format(const MyVector<T, Formatter>& mv,
>>>          std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
>>>    { return _formatter.format(mv, fc); }
>>> @@ -42,7 +48,7 @@ private:
>>>  };
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class Formatter>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_default()
>>>  {
>>>    MyVector<int, Formatter> vec{1, 2, 3};
>>> @@ -94,7 +100,7 @@ test_default()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class Formatter>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_override()
>>>  {
>>>    MyVector<CharT, Formatter> vc{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
>>> @@ -115,15 +121,20 @@ test_override()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<template<typename, typename> class Formatter>
>>> -void test_outputs()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_outputs()
>>>  {
>>>    test_default<char, Formatter>();
>>> -  test_default<wchar_t, Formatter>();
>>>    test_override<char, Formatter>();
>>> -  test_override<wchar_t, Formatter>();
>>> +  // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      test_default<wchar_t, Formatter>();
>>> +      test_override<wchar_t, Formatter>();
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_nested()
>>>  {
>>>    MyVector<MyVector<int>> v
>>> @@ -152,7 +163,8 @@ struct std::formatter<MyFlatMap, CharT>
>>>    : std::range_formatter<MyFlatMap::reference>
>>>  {};
>>>
>>> -void test_const_ref_type_mismatch()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_const_ref_type_mismatch()
>>>  {
>>>    MyFlatMap m{{1, 11}, {2, 22}};
>>>    std::string res = std::format("{:m}", m);
>>> @@ -163,13 +175,15 @@ template<typename T, typename CharT>
>>>  using VectorFormatter = std::formatter<std::vector<T>, CharT>;
>>>
>>>  template<template<typename> typename Range>
>>> -void test_nonblocking()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_nonblocking()
>>>  {
>>>    static_assert(!std::enable_nonlocking_formatter_optimization<
>>>                   Range<int>>);
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>>    test_outputs<std::range_formatter>();
>>>    test_outputs<VectorFormatter>();
>>> @@ -179,4 +193,15 @@ int main()
>>>    test_nonblocking<std::span>();
>>>    test_nonblocking<std::vector>();
>>>    test_nonblocking<MyVector>();
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc
>>> index 7fb65f9c551..da1fe7e0df7 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc
>>> @@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
>>>  // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
>>> -// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8" }
>>> +// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fconstexpr-ops-limit=5000000000"
>>> }
>>>  // { dg-timeout-factor 2 }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <array>
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <list>
>>> @@ -19,7 +25,7 @@
>>> static_assert(!std::formattable<std::vector<NotFormattable>, char>);
>>>  static_assert(!std::formattable<std::span<NotFormattable>, wchar_t>);
>>>
>>>  template<typename... Args>
>>> -bool
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>>  is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  {
>>>    try {
>>> @@ -31,7 +37,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename... Args>
>>> -bool
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>>  is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  {
>>>    try {
>>> @@ -43,7 +49,8 @@ is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&...
>>> args)
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename Rg, typename CharT>
>>> -bool is_range_formatter_spec_for(CharT const* spec, Rg&& rg)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +is_range_formatter_spec_for(CharT const* spec, Rg&& rg)
>>>  {
>>>    using V = std::remove_cvref_t<std::ranges::range_reference_t<Rg>>;
>>>    std::range_formatter<V, CharT> fmt;
>>> @@ -56,6 +63,7 @@ bool is_range_formatter_spec_for(CharT const* spec,
>>> Rg&& rg)
>>>    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> +// not constexpr because of PR124145
>>>  void
>>>  test_format_string()
>>>  {
>>> @@ -79,7 +87,8 @@ test_format_string()
>>>  #define WIDEN(S) WIDEN_(CharT, S)
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, typename Range, typename Storage>
>>> -void test_output()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_output()
>>>  {
>>>    using Sv = std::basic_string_view<CharT>;
>>>    using T = std::ranges::range_value_t<Range>;
>>> @@ -153,25 +162,32 @@ void test_output()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename Cont>
>>> -void test_output_cont()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_output_cont()
>>>  {
>>>    test_output<char, Cont&, Cont>();
>>> -  test_output<wchar_t, Cont const&, Cont>();
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_output<wchar_t, Cont const&, Cont>();
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename View>
>>> -void test_output_view()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_output_view()
>>>  {
>>>    test_output<char, View, int[3]>();
>>> -  test_output<wchar_t, View, int[3]>();
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_output<wchar_t, View, int[3]>();
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_outputs()
>>>  {
>>>    using namespace __gnu_test;
>>>    test_output_cont<std::vector<int>>();
>>> -  test_output_cont<std::list<int>>();
>>> +
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_output_cont<std::list<int>>();
>>> +
>>>    test_output_cont<std::array<int, 3>>();
>>>
>>>    test_output_view<std::span<int>>();
>>> @@ -185,7 +201,7 @@ test_outputs()
>>>    test_output_view<test_forward_range<const int>>();
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_nested()
>>>  {
>>>    std::vector<std::vector<int>> v
>>> @@ -201,7 +217,8 @@ test_nested()
>>>    VERIFY( res == "+[01, 02, 11, 12]+" );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>>  {
>>>    if (!v.starts_with('"'))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -209,7 +226,8 @@ bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool
>>> quoted = false)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool
>>> quoted = false)
>>>  {
>>>    if (quoted && !strip_quote(v))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -221,7 +239,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v,
>>> std::string_view expected, bool quoted =
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_squares(std::string_view& v)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_squares(std::string_view& v)
>>>  {
>>>    if (!v.starts_with('[') || !v.ends_with(']'))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -230,7 +249,8 @@ bool strip_squares(std::string_view& v)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
>>>  {
>>>    size_t pos = v.find_first_not_of(c);
>>>    if (pos == std::string_view::npos)
>>> @@ -241,7 +261,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n,
>>> char c)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void test_padding()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_padding()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string res;
>>>    std::string_view resv;
>>> @@ -323,10 +344,24 @@ void test_padding()
>>>    VERIFY( check_elems(resv, false) );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>> -  test_format_string();
>>>    test_outputs();
>>>    test_nested();
>>>    test_padding();
>>> +
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_format_string();
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc
>>> index f2bfa5b434d..6bb402a4108 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc
>>> @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr void
>>>  test_char()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string fmt = "{}";
>>> @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_wchar()
>>>    VERIFY( s == L"0710" );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr void
>>>  test_internal_api()
>>>  {
>>>    // Using _Runtime_format_string directly works even in C++20 mode.
>>> @@ -40,9 +40,19 @@ static_assert(
>>> !std::is_constructible_v<std::format_string<>,
>>>  static_assert( !std::is_constructible_v<std::wformat_string<>,
>>>
>>> decltype(std::runtime_format(L""))&&> );
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>>    test_char();
>>> -  test_wchar();
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_wchar();
>>>    test_internal_api();
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc
>>> index ee987a15ec3..90222db90aa 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc
>>> @@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
>>>  // { dg-do run { target c++20 } }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>>
>>>  template<typename... Args>
>>> -bool
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>>  is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  {
>>>    try {
>>> @@ -16,7 +22,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename... Args>
>>> -bool
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>>  is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  {
>>>    try {
>>> @@ -27,28 +33,37 @@ is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&...
>>> args)
>>>    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_no_args()
>>>  {
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("") );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("chars") );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for(" The Great Escape {{}} ") );
>>>
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}{") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{}") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{{{") );
>>> +  // not constexpr because of PR124145
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}{") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{}") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{{{") );
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_indexing()
>>>  {
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{} to {}", "a", "b") );   // automatic
>>> indexing
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1} to {0}", "a", "b") ); // manual
>>> indexing
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} to {}", "a", "b") );  // mixed
>>> indexing
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} to {1}", "a", "b") );  // mixed
>>> indexing
>>> +
>>> +  // not constexpr because of PR124145
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} to {}", "a", "b") );  //
>>> mixed indexing
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} to {1}", "a", "b") );  //
>>> mixed indexing
>>> +    }
>>>
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{} {} {}", 1, 2, 3) );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{} {} {}", 1, 2, 3, 4) );
>>> @@ -56,10 +71,14 @@ test_indexing()
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1} {2} {3}", 1, 2, 3, 4) );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{3} {3} {3}", 1, 2, 3, 4) );
>>>
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{2}", 1, 2) );
>>> +  // not constexpr because of PR124145
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{2}", 1, 2) );
>>>
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} {}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} {0}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} {}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} {0}", 1) );
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  #if __cpp_lib_format_ranges
>>> @@ -68,7 +87,7 @@ constexpr bool escaped_strings_supported = true;
>>>  constexpr bool escaped_strings_supported = false;
>>>  #endif
>>>
>>> -void
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>>  test_format_spec()
>>>  {
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:}", 1) );
>>> @@ -78,92 +97,114 @@ test_format_spec()
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:} {0:c}", 'c') );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:p} {0:}", nullptr) );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:d} {:+d}", true, true) );
>>> -  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:0<-#03Ld}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:0<-#03.4Lf}", 1, 2.3) );
>>> -  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:3.3f}", 1, 2.3) );
>>> +
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:0<-#03Ld}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:0<-#03.4Lf}", 1, 2.3) );
>>> +      VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:3.3f}", 1, 2.3) );
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:#d}", 'c') );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:#d}", true) );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:s} {0:?}", "str") ==
>>> escaped_strings_supported );
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:} {0:?}", 'c') ==
>>> escaped_strings_supported );
>>>
>>> -  // Invalid sign options.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", 'c') );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+c}", 'c') );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+p}", nullptr) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", true) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", true) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", 'c') );
>>> -
>>> -  // Invalid alternate forms.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", 'c') );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#c}", 'c') );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", true) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", true) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", nullptr) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#p}", nullptr) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", 'c') );
>>> -
>>> -  // The 0 option is not valid for charT and bool.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0c}", 'c') );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0s}", true) );
>>> -
>>> -  // Dynamic width arg must be a standar integer type.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, 1.5) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, true) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, nullptr) );
>>> +  // not constexpr because of PR124145
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      // Invalid sign options.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", 'c') );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+c}", 'c') );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+p}", nullptr) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", true) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", true) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", 'c') );
>>> +
>>> +      // Invalid alternate forms.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", 'c') );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#c}", 'c') );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", true) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", true) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", nullptr) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#p}", nullptr) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", 'c') );
>>> +
>>> +      // The 0 option is not valid for charT and bool.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0c}", 'c') );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0s}", true) );
>>> +
>>> +      // Dynamic width arg must be a standar integer type.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, 1.5) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, true) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, nullptr) );
>>>  #ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, static_cast<__int128>(1))
>>> );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1,
>>> static_cast<__int128>(1)) );
>>>  #endif
>>>
>>> -  // Precision only valid for string and floating-point types.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.3d}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3d}", 1) );
>>> +      // Precision only valid for string and floating-point types.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.3d}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3d}", 1) );
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:3.3s}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3s}", 'c') );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3p}", nullptr) );
>>> -
>>> -  // Dynamic precision arg must be a standard integer type.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, 1.5) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, true) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, nullptr) );
>>> +
>>> +  // not constexpr because of PR124145
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3s}", 'c') );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3p}", nullptr) );
>>> +
>>> +      // Dynamic precision arg must be a standard integer type.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, 1.5) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, true) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, nullptr) );
>>>  #ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}f}", 1.0, static_cast<unsigned
>>> __int128>(1)) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}f}", 1.0,
>>> static_cast<unsigned __int128>(1)) );
>>>  #endif
>>>
>>> -  // Invalid presentation types for integers.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:f}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:g}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:E}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:D}", 1) );
>>> +      // Invalid presentation types for integers.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:f}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:g}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:E}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:D}", 1) );
>>>
>>> -  // Invalid presentation types for floating-point types.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", 1.2) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:b}", 1.2) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:x}", 1.2) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1.2) );
>>> +      // Invalid presentation types for floating-point types.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", 1.2) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:b}", 1.2) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:x}", 1.2) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1.2) );
>>>
>>> -  // Invalid presentation types for strings.
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:S}", "str") );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", "str") );
>>> +      // Invalid presentation types for strings.
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:S}", "str") );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", "str") );
>>> +    }
>>>
>>>    // Maximum integer value supported for widths and precisions is
>>> USHRT_MAX.
>>>    VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:65535}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( is_format_string_for(L"{:65535}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:65536}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:65536}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:9999999}", 1) );
>>> -  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:9999999}", 1) );
>>> +
>>> +  // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      VERIFY( is_format_string_for(L"{:65535}", 1) );
>>> +      // PR124145
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:65536}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:65536}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:9999999}", 1) );
>>> +      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:9999999}", 1) );
>>> +    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> +// not constexpr because of PR124145
>>>  void
>>>  test_pr110862()
>>>  {
>>> @@ -178,6 +219,7 @@ test_pr110862()
>>>    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> +// not constexpr because of PR124145
>>>  void
>>>  test_pr110974()
>>>  {
>>> @@ -197,11 +239,27 @@ test_pr110974()
>>>    }
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>>    test_no_args();
>>>    test_indexing();
>>>    test_format_spec();
>>> -  test_pr110862();
>>> -  test_pr110974();
>>> +
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      test_pr110862();
>>> +      test_pr110974();
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc
>>> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc
>>> index eace82730f0..10e19149935 100644
>>> --- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc
>>> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc
>>> @@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
>>>  // { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8" }
>>>  // { dg-timeout-factor 2 }
>>>
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +# define constexpr26 constexpr
>>> +#else
>>> +# define constexpr26
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>>  #include <format>
>>>  #include <string>
>>>  #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
>>> @@ -15,7 +21,7 @@ static_assert( !std::formattable<std::pair<int,
>>> NotFormattable>, char> );
>>>  static_assert( !std::formattable<std::tuple<int, NotFormattable, int>,
>>> wchar_t> );
>>>
>>>  template<typename... Args>
>>> -bool
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>>  is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  {
>>>    try {
>>> @@ -27,7 +33,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename... Args>
>>> -bool
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>>  is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
>>>  {
>>>    try {
>>> @@ -41,6 +47,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&...
>>> args)
>>>  #define WIDEN_(C, S) ::std::__format::_Widen<C>(S, L##S)
>>>  #define WIDEN(S) WIDEN_(CharT, S)
>>>
>>> +// not constexpr because of PR124145
>>>  void
>>>  test_format_string()
>>>  {
>>> @@ -123,7 +130,8 @@ void test_multi()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, typename Tuple>
>>> -void test_empty()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_empty()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>>
>>> @@ -142,7 +150,8 @@ void test_empty()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, typename Pair>
>>> -void test_pair()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_pair()
>>>  {
>>>    using Ft = std::remove_cvref_t<std::tuple_element_t<0, Pair>>;
>>>    using St = std::remove_cvref_t<std::tuple_element_t<1, Pair>>;
>>> @@ -167,7 +176,8 @@ void test_pair()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class PairT>
>>> -void test_pair_e()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_pair_e()
>>>  {
>>>    test_pair<CharT, PairT<int, std::basic_string<CharT>>>();
>>>    test_pair<CharT, PairT<int, const CharT*>>();
>>> @@ -196,7 +206,7 @@ struct std::formatter<MyPair<Pair>, CharT>
>>>    { return _formatter.parse(pc);  }
>>>
>>>    template<typename Out>
>>> -  typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
>>> +  constexpr26 typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
>>>    format(const MyPair<Pair>& mp,
>>>          std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
>>>    { return _formatter.format(mp, fc); }
>>> @@ -206,7 +216,8 @@ private:
>>>  };
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class PairT>
>>> -void test_custom()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_custom()
>>>  {
>>>    std::basic_string<CharT> res;
>>>    MyPair<PairT<int, const CharT*>> c1(1, WIDEN("abc"));
>>> @@ -228,9 +239,12 @@ void test_custom()
>>>  }
>>>
>>>  template<typename CharT>
>>> -void test_outputs()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_outputs()
>>>  {
>>> -  test_multi<CharT>();
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    test_multi<CharT>();
>>> +
>>>    test_empty<CharT, std::tuple<>>();
>>>    test_pair_e<CharT, std::pair>();
>>>    test_pair_e<CharT, std::tuple>();
>>> @@ -238,7 +252,8 @@ void test_outputs()
>>>    test_custom<CharT, std::tuple>();
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void test_nested()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_nested()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string res;
>>>    std::tuple<std::tuple<>, std::pair<int, std::string>> tt{{}, {1,
>>> "abc"}};
>>> @@ -251,7 +266,8 @@ void test_nested()
>>>    VERIFY( res == R"((): (1, "abc"))" );
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>>  {
>>>    if (!v.starts_with('"'))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -259,7 +275,8 @@ bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool
>>> quoted = false)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool
>>> quoted = false)
>>>  {
>>>    if (quoted && !strip_quote(v))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -271,7 +288,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v,
>>> std::string_view expected, bool quoted =
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_parens(std::string_view& v)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_parens(std::string_view& v)
>>>  {
>>>    if (!v.starts_with('(') || !v.ends_with(')'))
>>>      return false;
>>> @@ -280,7 +298,8 @@ bool strip_parens(std::string_view& v)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
>>>  {
>>>    size_t pos = v.find_first_not_of(c);
>>>    if (pos == std::string_view::npos)
>>> @@ -291,7 +310,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n,
>>> char c)
>>>    return true;
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -void test_padding()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_padding()
>>>  {
>>>    std::string res;
>>>    std::string_view resv;
>>> @@ -351,13 +371,14 @@ struct std::formatter<Custom, CharT>
>>>    { return pc.begin();  }
>>>
>>>    template<typename Out>
>>> -  typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
>>> +  constexpr26 typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
>>>    format(Custom, const std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
>>>    { return fc.out(); }
>>>  };
>>>
>>>  template<template<typename...> typename Tuple>
>>> -void test_nonblocking()
>>> +constexpr26 void
>>> +test_nonblocking()
>>>  {
>>>    static_assert(std::enable_nonlocking_formatter_optimization<
>>>                   Tuple<int, float>>);
>>> @@ -374,14 +395,31 @@ void test_nonblocking()
>>>                   Tuple<Custom&, float&>>);
>>>  }
>>>
>>> -int main()
>>> +constexpr26 bool
>>> +test_all()
>>>  {
>>> -  test_format_string();
>>>    test_outputs<char>();
>>> -  test_outputs<wchar_t>();
>>>    test_nested();
>>>    test_padding();
>>>
>>>    test_nonblocking<std::pair>();
>>>    test_nonblocking<std::tuple>();
>>> +
>>> +  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
>>> +    {
>>> +      test_format_string();
>>> +      // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
>>> +      test_outputs<wchar_t>();
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +  return true;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
>>> +static_assert(test_all());
>>> +#endif
>>> +
>>> +int main()
>>> +{
>>> +  test_all();
>>>  }
>>> --
>>> 2.43.0
>>>
>>>
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