[patch] bootstrap/69464 Avoid including all of <random> in <algorithm>

[Jonathan Wakely]

In C++11 mode <algorithm> defines std::shuffle which uses
std::uniform_int_distribution. It doesn't need the rest of <random>,
which is huge, especially on x86 with SSE3 support, where pmmintrin.h
is pulled in.

This moves the definition of std::uniform_int_distribution to a new
header, and makes <algorithm> include that instead of <random>.  That
removes 23kloc from <algorithm>, making it much less of a problem for
the rest of the compiler to use <algorithm> during bootstrap.

The change revealed a few testsuite bugs where tests (incorrectly)
relied on <algorithm> pulling in <memory> or <vector> indirectly.
It's likely that some programs will stop compiling because of this
change, the fix will be to add the necessary headers.

Tested x86_64-linux and powerpc64-linux, committed to trunk.

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