Support for memcpy with equal source and destination

[Ralf Jung]

Hi,

On 25.11.23 08:48, Paul Eggert wrote:
> I see several areas of possible confusion, so if we make this change to the 
> glibc documentation, the new documentation should make the following clear:
> 
> * This is a GNU extension, and other C libraries might not guarantee this (not 
> surprising). Also, other C compilers might not guarantee this even when used 
> with glibc (somewhat more surprising).
> 
> * GCC and other compilers might warn about memcpy (X, X, SIZE) even if it is 
> supported.
> 
> * This an exception to the usual rule about "restrict", since the prototype says 
> "restrict" but it's OK if the two pointers are the same (so "restrict" now means 
> that they cannot overlap other than being equal, just for this particular 
> function).

Note that "restrict" does not mean "must not be equal". It means "the accesses 
performed through this pointer (and pointers derived from it) must be disjoint 
from the accesses performed through other pointers (excluding memory that is 
only being read)".

So when one sees restrict in a signature, it is impossible to tell what the 
actual constraint is without further documentation: the function needs to say 
which memory is being accesses through which pointer, and *that* is then where 
the disjointness comes from.

That said, if the glibc memcpy has "restrict" in its signature, then GCC itself 
will optimize it assuming that the two buffers are truly disjoint. For a memcpy 
that is implemented in C (rather than assembly), I don't think it is possible to 
make this promise (of supporting src==dest) when there is "restrict" in the 
signature. So if glibc wants to make that promise I think it needs to remove 
"restrict" from its memcpy signatures.

Kind regards,
Ralf