[PATCH 2/2] GDB: Use gdb::array_view for buffers used in register reading and unwinding

Thiago Jung Bauermann thiago.bauermann@linaro.org
Fri Jan 10 22:28:00 GMT 2025


Simon Marchi <simark@simark.ca> writes:

> On 2025-01-10 11:44, Thiago Jung Bauermann wrote:
>> diff --git a/gdb/frame.c b/gdb/frame.c
>> index ba4a07179f64..b64f9067ab9e 100644
>> --- a/gdb/frame.c
>> +++ b/gdb/frame.c
>> @@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ frame_save_as_regcache (const frame_info_ptr &this_frame)
>>  {
>>    auto cooked_read = [this_frame] (int regnum, gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buf)
>>      {
>> -      if (!deprecated_frame_register_read (this_frame, regnum, buf.data ()))
>> +      if (!deprecated_frame_register_read (this_frame, regnum, buf))
>>  	return REG_UNAVAILABLE;
>>        else
>>  	return REG_VALID;
>> @@ -1177,7 +1177,8 @@ void
>>  frame_register_unwind (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,
>>  		       int *optimizedp, int *unavailablep,
>>  		       enum lval_type *lvalp, CORE_ADDR *addrp,
>> -		       int *realnump, gdb_byte *bufferp)
>> +		       int *realnump,
>> +		       gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buffer)
>>  {
>>    struct value *value;
>>
>
> There are some comments referring to `bufferp` that would need to be
> updated.  IMO the line:
>
>  /* gdb_assert (bufferp != NULL); */
>
> ... can just be removed.

Ah, indeed. I don't know how I missed them. Fixed.

>> @@ -1202,13 +1203,15 @@ frame_register_unwind (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,
>>    else
>>      *realnump = -1;
>>
>> -  if (bufferp)
>> +  if (!buffer.empty ())
>>      {
>> +      gdb_assert (buffer.size () == value->type ()->length ());
>
> Regarding this, I think I'm going to backtrack.  I started to survey the
> callers (and the callers of callers) of this function, and found one
> case where this doesn't hold, that looks legitimate:
>
>  - frame_register_unwind, called by
>  - frame_unwind_register, called by
>  - i386_unwind_pc
>
> i386_unwind_pc has an 8 bytes static array and asks to unwind the PC
> register.  This function is used for both amd64 (8 bytes PC) and i386 (4
> bytes PC).  This function would now have to create a view of the right
> size, something like:
>
>     static CORE_ADDR
>     i386_unwind_pc (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, const frame_info_ptr &next_frame)
>     {
>       gdb_byte buf[8];
>       auto view = gdb::make_array_view
>         (buf, builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_func_ptr->length ());
>
>       frame_unwind_register (next_frame, gdbarch_pc_regnum (gdbarch), view);
>       return extract_typed_address (view.data (),
>     				builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_func_ptr);
>     }
>
> Without doing changes like this all over the place, things will break.
> I'm not saying it can't be done, but it would require a lot of effort
> and careful review (and testing when possible).
>
> So, I think it would be safer for now to revert to what you had before,
> assert that the buffer is large enough for the value.

That's true. Thank you for digging into it. Changed the assert back to
what it was.

> If you agree, then this LGTM with those fixed.
>
> Approved-By: Simon Marchi <simon.marchi@efficios.com>

Thanks! committed with the fixes above as commit 7fcdec025c05.

For completeness, I'm pasting the patch I committed below.

--
Thiago



>From 7fcdec025c0510741f3d7efc53e623e03c29e7d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thiago Jung Bauermann <thiago.bauermann@linaro.org>
Subject: [PATCH] GDB: Use gdb::array_view for buffers used in register reading
 and unwinding

This allows checking the size of the given buffer.  Changes
frame_register_unwind (), frame_unwind_register (), get_frame_register ()
and deprecated_frame_register_read ().

As pointed out by Baris, in the case of MIPS target code this is best
done by changing a couple of alloca-based buffers in
mips_read_fp_register_single and mips_print_fp_register to
gdb::byte_vector instances.

Approved-By: Simon Marchi <simon.marchi@efficios.com>
---
 gdb/amd64-windows-tdep.c |  4 ++--
 gdb/frame.c              | 25 ++++++++++++---------
 gdb/frame.h              | 10 ++++-----
 gdb/mips-tdep.c          | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 4 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gdb/amd64-windows-tdep.c b/gdb/amd64-windows-tdep.c
index 9e255bb2d433..ca7b7d96bc22 100644
--- a/gdb/amd64-windows-tdep.c
+++ b/gdb/amd64-windows-tdep.c
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ amd64_windows_frame_decode_insns (const frame_info_ptr &this_frame,
 	  std::array<gdb_byte, 8> buf;
 	  int frreg = amd64_windows_w2gdb_regnum[frame_reg];

-	  get_frame_register (this_frame, frreg, buf.data ());
+	  get_frame_register (this_frame, frreg, buf);
 	  save_addr = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, byte_order);

 	  frame_debug_printf ("   frame_reg=%s, val=%s",
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ amd64_windows_frame_cache (const frame_info_ptr &this_frame, void **this_cache)

   /* Get current PC and SP.  */
   pc = get_frame_pc (this_frame);
-  get_frame_register (this_frame, AMD64_RSP_REGNUM, buf.data ());
+  get_frame_register (this_frame, AMD64_RSP_REGNUM, buf);
   cache->sp = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, byte_order);
   cache->pc = pc;

diff --git a/gdb/frame.c b/gdb/frame.c
index ba4a07179f64..10a32dcd8966 100644
--- a/gdb/frame.c
+++ b/gdb/frame.c
@@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ frame_save_as_regcache (const frame_info_ptr &this_frame)
 {
   auto cooked_read = [this_frame] (int regnum, gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buf)
     {
-      if (!deprecated_frame_register_read (this_frame, regnum, buf.data ()))
+      if (!deprecated_frame_register_read (this_frame, regnum, buf))
 	return REG_UNAVAILABLE;
       else
 	return REG_VALID;
@@ -1177,17 +1177,17 @@ void
 frame_register_unwind (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,
 		       int *optimizedp, int *unavailablep,
 		       enum lval_type *lvalp, CORE_ADDR *addrp,
-		       int *realnump, gdb_byte *bufferp)
+		       int *realnump,
+		       gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buffer)
 {
   struct value *value;

-  /* Require all but BUFFERP to be valid.  A NULL BUFFERP indicates
+  /* Require all but BUFFER to be valid.  An empty BUFFER indicates
      that the value proper does not need to be fetched.  */
   gdb_assert (optimizedp != NULL);
   gdb_assert (lvalp != NULL);
   gdb_assert (addrp != NULL);
   gdb_assert (realnump != NULL);
-  /* gdb_assert (bufferp != NULL); */

   value = frame_unwind_register_value (next_frame, regnum);

@@ -1202,13 +1202,15 @@ frame_register_unwind (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,
   else
     *realnump = -1;

-  if (bufferp)
+  if (!buffer.empty ())
     {
+      gdb_assert (buffer.size () >= value->type ()->length ());
+
       if (!*optimizedp && !*unavailablep)
-	memcpy (bufferp, value->contents_all ().data (),
+	memcpy (buffer.data (), value->contents_all ().data (),
 		value->type ()->length ());
       else
-	memset (bufferp, 0, value->type ()->length ());
+	memset (buffer.data (), 0, value->type ()->length ());
     }

   /* Dispose of the new value.  This prevents watchpoints from
@@ -1217,7 +1219,8 @@ frame_register_unwind (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,
 }

 void
-frame_unwind_register (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum, gdb_byte *buf)
+frame_unwind_register (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,
+		       gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buf)
 {
   int optimized;
   int unavailable;
@@ -1238,7 +1241,7 @@ frame_unwind_register (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum, gdb_byte *b

 void
 get_frame_register (const frame_info_ptr &frame,
-		    int regnum, gdb_byte *buf)
+		    int regnum, gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buf)
 {
   frame_unwind_register (frame_info_ptr (frame->next), regnum, buf);
 }
@@ -1482,7 +1485,7 @@ put_frame_register (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,

 bool
 deprecated_frame_register_read (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regnum,
-				gdb_byte *myaddr)
+				gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> myaddr)
 {
   int optimized;
   int unavailable;
@@ -1541,7 +1544,7 @@ get_frame_register_bytes (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame, int regnum,
 	  int realnum;

 	  frame_register_unwind (next_frame, regnum, optimizedp, unavailablep,
-				 &lval, &addr, &realnum, buffer.data ());
+				 &lval, &addr, &realnum, buffer);
 	  if (*optimizedp || *unavailablep)
 	    return false;
 	}
diff --git a/gdb/frame.h b/gdb/frame.h
index b265c9bc5bb3..e207c714c560 100644
--- a/gdb/frame.h
+++ b/gdb/frame.h
@@ -685,14 +685,14 @@ const char *unwind_stop_reason_to_string (enum unwind_stop_reason);
 const char *frame_stop_reason_string (const frame_info_ptr &);

 /* Unwind the stack frame so that the value of REGNUM, in the previous
-   (up, older) frame is returned.  If VALUEP is nullptr, don't
+   (up, older) frame is returned.  If VALUE is zero-sized, don't
    fetch/compute the value.  Instead just return the location of the
    value.  */
 extern void frame_register_unwind (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regnum,
 				   int *optimizedp, int *unavailablep,
 				   enum lval_type *lvalp,
 				   CORE_ADDR *addrp, int *realnump,
-				   gdb_byte *valuep = nullptr);
+				   gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> value = {});

 /* Fetch a register from this, or unwind a register from the next
    frame.  Note that the get_frame methods are wrappers to
@@ -701,9 +701,9 @@ extern void frame_register_unwind (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regnum,
    do return a lazy value.  */

 extern void frame_unwind_register (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame,
-				   int regnum, gdb_byte *buf);
+				   int regnum, gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buf);
 extern void get_frame_register (const frame_info_ptr &frame,
-				int regnum, gdb_byte *buf);
+				int regnum, gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buf);

 struct value *frame_unwind_register_value (const frame_info_ptr &next_frame,
 					   int regnum);
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ extern void print_frame_info (const frame_print_options &fp_opts,
 extern frame_info_ptr block_innermost_frame (const struct block *);

 extern bool deprecated_frame_register_read (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regnum,
-					    gdb_byte *buf);
+					    gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> buf);

 /* From stack.c.  */

diff --git a/gdb/mips-tdep.c b/gdb/mips-tdep.c
index c00efbd02ad0..d217f23631f8 100644
--- a/gdb/mips-tdep.c
+++ b/gdb/mips-tdep.c
@@ -951,14 +951,17 @@ mips_register_to_value (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regnum,

   if (mips_convert_register_float_case_p (gdbarch, regnum, type))
     {
-      get_frame_register (frame, regnum + 0, to + 4);
-      get_frame_register (frame, regnum + 1, to + 0);
+      gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> first_half = gdb::make_array_view (to, 4);
+      gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> second_half = gdb::make_array_view (to + 4, 4);

-      if (!get_frame_register_bytes (next_frame, regnum + 0, 0, { to + 4, 4 },
+      get_frame_register (frame, regnum + 0, second_half);
+      get_frame_register (frame, regnum + 1, first_half);
+
+      if (!get_frame_register_bytes (next_frame, regnum + 0, 0, second_half,
 				     optimizedp, unavailablep))
 	return 0;

-      if (!get_frame_register_bytes (next_frame, regnum + 1, 0, { to + 0, 4 },
+      if (!get_frame_register_bytes (next_frame, regnum + 1, 0, first_half,
 				     optimizedp, unavailablep))
 	return 0;
       *optimizedp = *unavailablep = 0;
@@ -6252,11 +6255,11 @@ mips_o64_return_value (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *function,

 static void
 mips_read_fp_register_single (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regno,
-			      gdb_byte *rare_buffer)
+			      gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> rare_buffer)
 {
   struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_frame_arch (frame);
   int raw_size = register_size (gdbarch, regno);
-  gdb_byte *raw_buffer = (gdb_byte *) alloca (raw_size);
+  gdb::byte_vector raw_buffer (raw_size);

   if (!deprecated_frame_register_read (frame, regno, raw_buffer))
     error (_("can't read register %d (%s)"),
@@ -6272,11 +6275,11 @@ mips_read_fp_register_single (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regno,
       else
 	offset = 0;

-      memcpy (rare_buffer, raw_buffer + offset, 4);
+      memcpy (rare_buffer.data (), raw_buffer.data () + offset, 4);
     }
   else
     {
-      memcpy (rare_buffer, raw_buffer, 4);
+      memcpy (rare_buffer.data (), raw_buffer.data (), 4);
     }
 }

@@ -6286,7 +6289,7 @@ mips_read_fp_register_single (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regno,

 static void
 mips_read_fp_register_double (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regno,
-			      gdb_byte *rare_buffer)
+			      gdb::array_view<gdb_byte> rare_buffer)
 {
   struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_frame_arch (frame);
   int raw_size = register_size (gdbarch, regno);
@@ -6311,13 +6314,14 @@ mips_read_fp_register_double (const frame_info_ptr &frame, int regno,
 	 each register.  */
       if (gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch) == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG)
 	{
-	  mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regno, rare_buffer + 4);
+	  mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regno, rare_buffer.slice (4));
 	  mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regno + 1, rare_buffer);
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regno, rare_buffer);
-	  mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regno + 1, rare_buffer + 4);
+	  mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regno + 1,
+					rare_buffer.slice (4));
 	}
     }
 }
@@ -6327,15 +6331,13 @@ mips_print_fp_register (struct ui_file *file, const frame_info_ptr &frame,
 			int regnum)
 {				/* Do values for FP (float) regs.  */
   struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_frame_arch (frame);
-  gdb_byte *raw_buffer;
   std::string flt_str, dbl_str;

   const struct type *flt_type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_float;
   const struct type *dbl_type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_double;

-  raw_buffer
-    = ((gdb_byte *)
-       alloca (2 * register_size (gdbarch, mips_regnum (gdbarch)->fp0)));
+  gdb::byte_vector raw_buffer (2 * register_size (gdbarch,
+						  mips_regnum (gdbarch)->fp0));

   gdb_printf (file, "%s:", gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, regnum));
   gdb_printf (file, "%*s",
@@ -6349,10 +6351,11 @@ mips_print_fp_register (struct ui_file *file, const frame_info_ptr &frame,
       /* 4-byte registers: Print hex and floating.  Also print even
 	 numbered registers as doubles.  */
       mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regnum, raw_buffer);
-      flt_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer, flt_type, "%-17.9g");
+      flt_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer.data (), flt_type,
+					"%-17.9g");

       get_formatted_print_options (&opts, 'x');
-      print_scalar_formatted (raw_buffer,
+      print_scalar_formatted (raw_buffer.data (),
 			      builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint32,
 			      &opts, 'w', file);

@@ -6361,7 +6364,8 @@ mips_print_fp_register (struct ui_file *file, const frame_info_ptr &frame,
       if ((regnum - gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch)) % 2 == 0)
 	{
 	  mips_read_fp_register_double (frame, regnum, raw_buffer);
-	  dbl_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer, dbl_type, "%-24.17g");
+	  dbl_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer.data (), dbl_type,
+					    "%-24.17g");

 	  gdb_printf (file, " dbl: %s", dbl_str.c_str ());
 	}
@@ -6372,13 +6376,15 @@ mips_print_fp_register (struct ui_file *file, const frame_info_ptr &frame,

       /* Eight byte registers: print each one as hex, float and double.  */
       mips_read_fp_register_single (frame, regnum, raw_buffer);
-      flt_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer, flt_type, "%-17.9g");
+      flt_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer.data (), flt_type,
+					"%-17.9g");

       mips_read_fp_register_double (frame, regnum, raw_buffer);
-      dbl_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer, dbl_type, "%-24.17g");
+      dbl_str = target_float_to_string (raw_buffer.data (), dbl_type,
+					"%-24.17g");

       get_formatted_print_options (&opts, 'x');
-      print_scalar_formatted (raw_buffer,
+      print_scalar_formatted (raw_buffer.data (),
 			      builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint64,
 			      &opts, 'g', file);



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