FAQ-0.8

Mon Mar 17 14:42:00 GMT 1997

Here are the diffs from FAQ-0.7 to FAQ-0.8.
As always, suggestions for changes are welcome, but I'd prefer
that they be in form of patches.  Thanks.
[If I get some diffs in the next couple of weeks, I'll make FAQ-0.9
shortly after.]

I changed the canadian cross build script (also called 3-way build script)
a bit [mostly minor enhancements] and tested it with m68k-coff and h8300-hms
targets.

The script is in ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/embedded/crossgcc/build-3way.sh

The FAQ is in ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/embedded/crossgcc/FAQ .

*** FAQ-0.7	Sun Jun 23 10:09:56 1996
--- FAQ-0.8	Mon Mar 17 12:13:03 1997
***************
*** 3,8 ****
  		===================================

! Version: 0.7
! Last Updated: 960622
  Maintainer: dje@cygnus.com
  Location: ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/embedded/crossgcc/FAQ
--- 3,8 ----
  		===================================

! Version: 0.8
! Last Updated: 970317
  Maintainer: dje@cygnus.com
  Location: ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/embedded/crossgcc/FAQ
*************** Subscription requests should be sent to 
*** 14,23 ****
  with a body of 1 line containing "subscribe crossgcc <your-email-address>"
  and nothing else (and no <>'s around your email address).

  This list is run by the "majordomo" software.

! FIXME: This FAQ is unfinished (in the sense that there are some obvious
! sections it needs, some included below).  Please send contributions to
! dje@cygnus.com.

  Table of Contents
--- 14,27 ----
  with a body of 1 line containing "subscribe crossgcc <your-email-address>"
  and nothing else (and no <>'s around your email address).
+ To unsubscribe, send a message to  "crossgcc-request@cygnus.com"
+ with a body of 1 line containing "unsubscribe crossgcc <your-email-address>"
+ and nothing else (and no <>'s around your email address).
+ The email address you use to unsubscribe *must* be identical, character for
+ character, to one used to subscribe, and case is important too.

  This list is run by the "majordomo" software.

! This FAQ is unfinished (in the sense that there are some obvious sections
! it needs, some included below).  Please send contributions to dje@cygnus.com.

  Table of Contents
*************** Table of Contents
*** 35,49 ****
      3.1 Unix and related systems
      3.2 One pass installation of GCC+Binutils
!     3.3 Cygnus releases
!     3.3.1 Where are the info files?
!     3.3.2 How do I build a Cygnus release?
!     3.4 Win32 systems
!     3.5 MSDOS systems
!     3.5.1 How do I build a cross-compiler with DJGPP?
!     3.6 Canadian Crosses
          (or, Building a DOS hosted cross compiler without using DOS)
!     3.6.1 What is a Canadian Cross?
!     3.6.2 How do I build an MSDOS hosted cross compiler without using MSDOS?
!     3.7 Disk space requirements

  4.  Frequently Encountered Problems
--- 39,55 ----
      3.1 Unix and related systems
      3.2 One pass installation of GCC+Binutils
!     3.3 Can I build in a directory different from the source tree?
!     3.4 Can I use a non-GNU make?
!     3.5 Cygnus releases
!     3.5.1 Where are the info files?
!     3.5.2 How do I build a Cygnus release?
!     3.6 Win32 systems
!     3.7 MSDOS systems
!     3.7.1 How do I build a cross-compiler with DJGPP?
!     3.8 Canadian Crosses
          (or, Building a DOS hosted cross compiler without using DOS)
!     3.8.1 What is a Canadian Cross?
!     3.8.2 How do I build an MSDOS hosted cross compiler without using MSDOS?
!     3.9 Disk space requirements

  4.  Frequently Encountered Problems
*************** Table of Contents
*** 78,82 ****
  8.  Target specific info

!     e.g. Using BDM on a 68k, crt0's for specific cards, ...

  9.  Operating systems for embedded systems
--- 84,88 ----
  8.  Target specific info

!     8.1 What embedded targets are supported?

  9.  Operating systems for embedded systems
*************** Table of Contents
*** 91,95 ****
      10.4 Other mailing lists, web sites, newsgroups, etc.

! 11. Contributors

  1. List of the pieces needed and where to find them
--- 97,103 ----
      10.4 Other mailing lists, web sites, newsgroups, etc.

! 11. Glossary
! 
! 12. Contributors

  1. List of the pieces needed and where to find them
*************** you to avoid overloading prep.  The list
*** 104,114 ****
  "finger fsf@prep.ai.mit.edu".

! Compiler: GCC 2.7.2, file gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz

! Assembler: GAS 2.6, file binutils-2.6.tar.gz

! Linker: GLD 2.6, file binutils-2.6.tar.gz

! Utilities: Binutils 2.6, file binutils-2.6.tar.gz

  Debugger: GDB 4.16, file gdb-4.16.tar.gz
--- 112,125 ----
  "finger fsf@prep.ai.mit.edu".

! Compiler: GCC 2.7.2.1, file gcc-2.7.2.1.tar.gz
! 
! 	gcc-2.7.2.2 may also be used, it's difference over 2.7.2.1 is
! 	for linux native compilers, which aren't a concern here.

! Assembler: GAS 2.7, file binutils-2.7.tar.gz

! Linker: GLD 2.7, file binutils-2.7.tar.gz

! Utilities: Binutils 2.7, file binutils-2.7.tar.gz

  Debugger: GDB 4.16, file gdb-4.16.tar.gz
*************** Debugger: GDB 4.16, file gdb-4.16.tar.gz
*** 116,121 ****
  Library: There are currently two choices for a library, the GNU libc (Glibc)
  and a library put together by Cygnus (Newlib).
! 	GLIBC 1.09, file glibc-1.09.tar.gz
! 	Newlib 1.7.0, file newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz in directory
  		ftp.cygnus.com:/pub/newlib

--- 127,132 ----
  Library: There are currently two choices for a library, the GNU libc (Glibc)
  and a library put together by Cygnus (Newlib).
! 	GLIBC 2.0.1, file glibc-2.0.1.tar.gz
! 	Newlib 1.7.1, file newlib-1.7.1.tar.gz in directory
  		ftp.cygnus.com:/pub/newlib

*************** various sources.
*** 127,131 ****
  2.1 Cygnus patches

! crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.patch

  	This patch adds these things.
--- 138,142 ----
  2.1 Cygnus patches

! crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.1.patch

  	This patch adds these things.
*************** crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.patch
*** 155,164 ****
  	   This is needed for example in a Canadian Cross where one is
  	   building a DOS hosted cross compiler from a Unix system.

  The patch is available in ftp.cygnus.com:/pub/embedded/crossgcc.
  To apply the patch:

! cd gcc-2.7.2
! patch -p1 <../crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.patch

  2.2 Patch for binutils-2.6 GAS bug "Case value 3 unexpected at line 1557"
--- 166,180 ----
  	   This is needed for example in a Canadian Cross where one is
  	   building a DOS hosted cross compiler from a Unix system.
+ 	e. Provide ppc-asm.h.

  The patch is available in ftp.cygnus.com:/pub/embedded/crossgcc.
  To apply the patch:

! cd gcc-2.7.2.1
! patch <../crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.1.patch
! 
! crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.2.patch is also available it is identical to
! crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.1.patch except for a few changes necessary to make
! it apply properly.

  2.2 Patch for binutils-2.6 GAS bug "Case value 3 unexpected at line 1557"
*************** Binutils-2.6 has a bug in the i386 port 
*** 171,174 ****
--- 187,192 ----
  This bug is present in all i386 ports.  The patch is in
  ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/embedded/crossgcc/binutils-2.6-obj-coff.patch
+ 
+ This patch is not necessary for binutils-2.7 or later.

  3. How to configure, build, and install GCC as a cross-compiler
*************** mkdir build-binutils build-gcc build-new
*** 214,228 ****
  # Configure, build and install binutils
  cd build-binutils
! ../binutils-2.6/configure --host=$host --target=$target --prefix=$prefix -v
  make all install

  # Configure, build and install gcc
  cd ../build-gcc
! ../gcc-2.7.2/configure --host=$host --target=$target --prefix=$prefix -v
  make all install

  # Configure, build and install newlib
  cd ../build-newlib
! ../newlib-1.7.0/configure --host=$host --target=$target --prefix=$prefix -v
  # The settings for FOO_FOR_TARGET aren't necessary if you put $prefix/bin
  # in your path before running this.
--- 232,246 ----
  # Configure, build and install binutils
  cd build-binutils
! ../binutils-2.7/configure --host=$host --target=$target --prefix=$prefix -v
  make all install

  # Configure, build and install gcc
  cd ../build-gcc
! ../gcc-2.7.2.1/configure --host=$host --target=$target --prefix=$prefix -v
  make all install

  # Configure, build and install newlib
  cd ../build-newlib
! ../newlib-1.7.1/configure --host=$host --target=$target --prefix=$prefix -v
  # The settings for FOO_FOR_TARGET aren't necessary if you put $prefix/bin
  # in your path before running this.
*************** make all install
*** 242,247 ****

  Is there an easier way?  Yes!
! If you study the top-level Makefile that comes with binutils-2.6,
! newlib-1.7.0, or gdb-4.16, you'll see that they're all quite similar
  (not surprising since they're essentially the same file).

--- 260,265 ----

  Is there an easier way?  Yes!
! If you study the top-level Makefile that comes with binutils-2.7,
! newlib-1.7.1, or gdb-4.16, you'll see that they're all quite similar
  (not surprising since they're essentially the same file).

*************** layout different than what would normall
*** 251,259 ****
  sources.

! You will need to apply the Cygnus crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.patch.

  What we now need to do is turn this directory layout

! ./binutils-2.6/
                 bfd/
                 binutils/
--- 269,277 ----
  sources.

! You will need to apply the Cygnus crossgcc-gcc-2.7.2.1.patch.

  What we now need to do is turn this directory layout

! ./binutils-2.7/
                 bfd/
                 binutils/
*************** What we now need to do is turn this dire
*** 265,270 ****
                 opcodes/
                 texinfo/
! ./gcc-2.7.2/
! ./newlib-1.7.0/
                 config/
                 libgloss/
--- 283,288 ----
                 opcodes/
                 texinfo/
! ./gcc-2.7.2.1/
! ./newlib-1.7.1/
                 config/
                 libgloss/
*************** A script exists to reorganize the above 
*** 302,311 ****
  It assumes:
  - you're using a version of make that understands VPATH (e.g. GNU make)
! - ./binutils-2.6 exists
! - ./gcc-2.7.2 exists
! - ./newlib-1.7.0 exists
  - ./src does not exist

! The script is one-tree-1.2.sh from ftp.cygnus.com:/pub/embedded/crossgcc.
  It will create a subdirectory called `src'.

--- 320,329 ----
  It assumes:
  - you're using a version of make that understands VPATH (e.g. GNU make)
! - ./binutils-2.7 exists
! - ./gcc-2.7.2.1 exists
! - ./newlib-1.7.1 exists
  - ./src does not exist

! The script is one-tree-1.3.sh from ftp.cygnus.com:/pub/embedded/crossgcc.
  It will create a subdirectory called `src'.

*************** cd ../build-gdb
*** 322,330 ****
  make all install

! 3.3 Cygnus Releases

! What if I come across a Cygnus release?

! 3.3.1 Where are the info files?

  Cygnus releases differ from FSF releases in that files that are not really
--- 340,368 ----
  make all install

! 3.3 Can I build in a directory different from the source tree?

! Yes.

! However, it requires a version of make that understands VPATH.
! SunOS make may or may not be sufficient: it's VPATH support has problems
! which require extra effort to support and developers don't always adhere
! to the restrictions.  If you don't use GNU make you're on your own
! as far as getting the build to work.
! 
! 3.4 Can I use a non-GNU make?
! 
! Yes.
! 
! However, there are a few things to be wary of:
! 
! - you must build in the source tree
! 
! - testing generally isn't done with non-GNU makes so one is more likely to
!   run into build problems - these problems can be fixed of course but it may
!   require effort on your part
! 
! 3.5 Cygnus Releases
! 
! 3.5.1 Where are the info files?

  Cygnus releases differ from FSF releases in that files that are not really
*************** files) are not included.  Instead, they 
*** 333,337 ****
  toolchain.

! 3.3.2 How do I build a Cygnus release?

  Cygnus releases are essentially the "one-pass installation" tree, except
--- 371,375 ----
  toolchain.

! 3.5.2 How do I build a Cygnus release?

  Cygnus releases are essentially the "one-pass installation" tree, except
*************** upon a Cygnus release, here is a quick i
*** 345,354 ****

  Suppose you happen upon a Cygnus release and want to build a
! sparc-sun-solaris2 cross sparc64-elf compiler.  Do this:

  src=/path/to/source/tree
  rel=/path/to/install/tree
  host=sparc-sun-solaris2
! target=sparc64-elf
  mkdir build
  cd build
--- 383,392 ----

  Suppose you happen upon a Cygnus release and want to build a
! sparc-sun-solaris2 cross h8300-hms compiler.  Do this:

  src=/path/to/source/tree
  rel=/path/to/install/tree
  host=sparc-sun-solaris2
! target=h8300-hms
  mkdir build
  cd build
*************** make -k check
*** 362,369 ****

  The gcc and g++ execute tests won't do much in this particular example
! (sparc64-elf doesn't really exist yet, the configuration for UltraSPARC's
! running Solaris 2.5 is sparc-sun-solaris2, duh ... :-)

! 3.4 Win32 hosted cross-compilers

  There is work in progress that will let the GNU tools be used as a native
--- 400,407 ----

  The gcc and g++ execute tests won't do much in this particular example
! unless dejagnu has been configured to use the simulator or target board
! for the execute tests.

! 3.6 Win32 hosted cross-compilers

  There is work in progress that will let the GNU tools be used as a native
*************** compiler in the win32 environment and al
*** 371,375 ****
  hosted or win32 targeted).  Join the gnu-win32@cygnus.com mailing list if
  you wish to help out.  The release is kept in
! ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/sac/win32 .

  The configuration for this project is i386-cygwin32.
--- 409,413 ----
  hosted or win32 targeted).  Join the gnu-win32@cygnus.com mailing list if
  you wish to help out.  The release is kept in
! ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/gnu-win32 .

  The configuration for this project is i386-cygwin32.
*************** with a body of 1 line containing "subscr
*** 379,389 ****
  and nothing else (and no <>'s around your email address).

! 3.5 MSDOS hosted cross-compilers

! The primary MSDOS port is `djgpp', a port of the GNU tools to MSDOS by
! DJ Delorie, using `go32', a 32 bit extender.  See the djgpp FAQ for
  more details ( http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/faq/ ).

! 3.5.1 How do I build a cross-compiler with DJGPP?

  The procedure is basically this.
--- 417,427 ----
  and nothing else (and no <>'s around your email address).

! 3.7 MSDOS hosted cross-compilers

! The primary MSDOS port is version 1 of `djgpp', a port of the GNU tools to
! MSDOS by DJ Delorie, using `go32', a 32 bit extender.  See the djgpp FAQ for
  more details ( http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/faq/ ).

! 3.7.1 How do I build a cross-compiler with DJGPP?

  The procedure is basically this.
*************** The procedure is basically this.
*** 402,408 ****
  * Run make.

! 3.6 Canadian Crosses

! 3.6.1 What is a Canadian Cross?

  One cool thing about the GNU tools is that they support building a cross
--- 440,446 ----
  * Run make.

! 3.8 Canadian Crosses

! 3.8.1 What is a Canadian Cross?

  One cool thing about the GNU tools is that they support building a cross
*************** parties now so the name is a bit dated, 
*** 415,419 ****
  example, one to build an MSDOS hosted cross-compiler on a Unix box.  

! 3.6.2 How do I build an MSDOS hosted cross compiler without using MSDOS?

  Suppose one wanted to build an MSDOS cross m68k-coff cross
--- 453,457 ----
  example, one to build an MSDOS hosted cross-compiler on a Unix box.  

! 3.8.2 How do I build an MSDOS hosted cross compiler without using MSDOS?

  Suppose one wanted to build an MSDOS cross m68k-coff cross
*************** to build the m68k-coff libraries.  But i
*** 432,440 ****
  a sunos4 native compiler.  That's two.  We also need a sunos4 cross
  i386-go32 compiler to build the programs that run on MSDOS (go32 is the
! name of a 32 bit extender written by DJ Delorie that all the MSDOS
  tools will use).  Finally, we need an i386-go32 cross m68k-coff compiler:
  our final goal.  Four compilers.  However, the process is quite
  straightforward once you understand all the pieces that are needed.

  Assume the source tree has been created with the "one-tree" script.
  The following is the list of steps, written so that it can be copied
--- 470,481 ----
  a sunos4 native compiler.  That's two.  We also need a sunos4 cross
  i386-go32 compiler to build the programs that run on MSDOS (go32 is the
! name of a 32 bit extender (*) written by DJ Delorie that all the MSDOS
  tools will use).  Finally, we need an i386-go32 cross m68k-coff compiler:
  our final goal.  Four compilers.  However, the process is quite
  straightforward once you understand all the pieces that are needed.

+ (*) The 32 bit extender is no longer required with recent versions of go32.
+ However, newlib has not been updated.
+ 
  Assume the source tree has been created with the "one-tree" script.
  The following is the list of steps, written so that it can be copied
*************** into a shell script and run.
*** 442,463 ****

  #!/bin/sh
! # This script is from crossgcc FAQ-0.7.
  # Before using this script it is a good idea to check with the most recent
  # version of the FAQ to see if any changes have been made.  The FAQ can be
  # obtained from ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/embedded/crossgcc/FAQ .
  #
  # Note: This script provides support for cygwin32 hosts (the configuration
  # of the gnu-win32 project), but current FSF releases of GCC,Binutils do not
  # support cygwin32.  The support is present in case you pick up a copy of
  # the cygwin32 source tree.

! # Create some variables that will be useful.
! build=sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3
  host=i386-go32
  target=m68k-coff
- here=`pwd`
- # `src' is presumed to have been built with the "one-tree" script.
  src=$here/src
! rel=/bar # Install the toolchain in /bar again.

  # Build directory for the $build cross $host toolchain.
--- 483,548 ----

  #!/bin/sh
! # This script is build-3way.sh from crossgcc FAQ-0.8.
  # Before using this script it is a good idea to check with the most recent
  # version of the FAQ to see if any changes have been made.  The FAQ can be
  # obtained from ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/embedded/crossgcc/FAQ .
  #
+ # This patch assumes:
+ # - the source tree contains binutils, gcc, and newlib build with the
+ #   one-tree script
+ # - that crossgcc-gcc-2.x.y.patch has been applied
+ #
  # Note: This script provides support for cygwin32 hosts (the configuration
  # of the gnu-win32 project), but current FSF releases of GCC,Binutils do not
  # support cygwin32.  The support is present in case you pick up a copy of
  # the cygwin32 source tree.
+ #
+ # Syntax: sh build-3way.sh [install]
+ #
+ # The default is to configure and build, but not install.
+ #
+ # The recommended way to use this script is to modify the variables
+ # build,host,target,src,rel,relexec as necessary, then run:
+ #
+ # build-3way.sh
+ # build-3way.sh install
+ #
+ # The process is rather involved as there are a lot of steps.
+ # On the other hand, it is really rather straightforward.
+ # The goal is to build a $host cross $target toolchain.  Some hosts aren't
+ # well suited to program development (eg: msdos) and other hosts may not have
+ # complete GNU support yet.  Both of these cases are ideallyhandled by a
+ # script like this where we build everything in a more familiar and
+ # comfortable environment (eg: unix).
+ #
+ # The toolchain we are building is composed of basically two pieces:
+ #
+ # 1) programs that run in the host environment.
+ #    These include gcc, cpp, cc1, as, ld, objdump, etc.  These critters
+ #    are built with a $build cross $host cross-compiler.
+ #
+ # 2) libraries of functions that run in the target environment.
+ #    These include libgcc.a, libc.a, libm.a, etc.  These critters are
+ #    built with a $build cross $target cross-compiler.
+ #
+ # We end up building 3 complete toolchains: $build cross $host,
+ # $build cross $target, and ultimately $host cross $target.
+ # Remember, the only environment in which we can run programs is $build:
+ # that is the reason for the complexity.
+ #
+ # The cool thing is that this can be done at all!

! set -e
! 
! here=`pwd`
! 
! action=$1
! 
! build=sparc-sun-solaris2
  host=i386-go32
  target=m68k-coff
  src=$here/src
! rel=/tmp/test
! relexec=$rel/H-${host}

  # Build directory for the $build cross $host toolchain.
*************** b2t=$here/b-${build}-x-${target}
*** 468,491 ****
  h2t=$here/b-${host}-x-${target}

! # The first step is to build a sunos4 cross go32 cross-compiler.
! # The value for --prefix we give here is /tmp/junk as we don't intend
! # to install this toolchain.

! [ -d $b2h ] || mkdir $b2h
! (cd $b2h ; CC=gcc $src/configure --host=${build} --target=${host} --prefix=/tmp/junk -v)
! [ $? = 0 ] || exit 1
! (cd $b2h ; make all-gcc all-target-newlib CC=gcc CFLAGS=-g)
! [ $? = 0 ] || exit 1

  # Now build a $build cross $target toolchain.
  # The value for --prefix we give here is /tmp/junk as we don't intend
  # to install this toolchain.

! [ -d $b2t ] || mkdir $b2t
! (cd $b2t ; CC=gcc $src/configure --host=${build} --target=${target} --prefix=/tmp/junk -v)
! [ $? = 0 ] || exit 1
! (cd $b2t ; make all CC=gcc CFLAGS=-g)
! [ $? = 0 ] || exit 1

  # Now that we've built the tools that we need, we can finally build
  # our $host cross $target toolchain.
--- 553,594 ----
  h2t=$here/b-${host}-x-${target}

! ######################################################################
! #
! # The first step is to build a $build cross $host cross-compiler.

! if [ ! -f $b2h/configure.done ] ; then
!     [ -d $b2h ] || mkdir $b2h
!     (cd $b2h ; CC=gcc $src/configure --host=${build} --target=${host} --prefix=/tmp/junk -v)
!     touch $b2h/configure.done
! fi
! # For cygwin32 so mount,umount get built.
! (
! 	cd $b2h/gcc
! 	rm -f crt0.o libc.a libg.a libm.a libcygwin.a libkernel32.a
! 	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/crt0.o .
! 	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libc.a .
! 	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libg.a .
! 	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libm.a .
! 	ln -s ../${host}/winsup/libcygwin.a .
! 	ln -s ../${host}/winsup/libkernel32.a .
! )
! (cd $b2h ; make -w all-target-newlib all-target-winsup CC=gcc)

+ ######################################################################
+ #
  # Now build a $build cross $target toolchain.
  # The value for --prefix we give here is /tmp/junk as we don't intend
  # to install this toolchain.

! if [ ! -f $b2t/configure.done ] ; then
!     [ -d $b2t ] || mkdir $b2t
!     (cd $b2t ; CC=gcc $src/configure --host=${build} --target=${target} --prefix=/tmp/junk -v)
!     touch $b2t/configure.done
! fi
! #(cd $b2t ; make -w all-gcc all-target-newlib CC=gcc CFLAGS=-g)
! (cd $b2t ; make -w all-gcc CC=gcc CFLAGS=-g)

+ ######################################################################
+ #
  # Now that we've built the tools that we need, we can finally build
  # our $host cross $target toolchain.
*************** h2t=$here/b-${host}-x-${target}
*** 494,512 ****
  # we can't use -B../newlib/.  This works around that.  The alternative
  # is to install the $build cross $host toolchain and use that.
- # libcygwin.a and libkernel32.a are only needed by cygwin32 hosted toolchains.

  (
  	cd $b2h/gcc
! 	rm -f crt0.o libc.a libm.a
  	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/crt0.o .
  	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libc.a .
  	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libm.a .
! 	case $host in
! 	*cygwin32*)
! 		rm -f libcygwin.a libkernel32.a
! 		ln -s ../${host}/winsup/libcygwin.a .
! 		ln -s ../${host}/winsup/libkernel32.a .
! 		;;
! 	esac
  )

--- 597,610 ----
  # we can't use -B../newlib/.  This works around that.  The alternative
  # is to install the $build cross $host toolchain and use that.

  (
  	cd $b2h/gcc
! 	rm -f crt0.o libc.a libg.a libm.a libcygwin.a libkernel32.a
  	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/crt0.o .
  	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libc.a .
+ 	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libg.a .
  	ln -s ../${host}/newlib/libm.a .
! 	ln -s ../${host}/winsup/libcygwin.a .
! 	ln -s ../${host}/winsup/libkernel32.a .
  )

*************** CXX_FOR_BUILD=gcc
*** 519,533 ****

  # These are for building programs and libraries that run on $host.
! case $host in
! *cygwin32*)
! 	CC="$b2h/gcc/xgcc -B$b2h/gcc/ -isystem $src/winsup/include -isystem $b2h/${host}/newlib/targ-include -isystem $src/newlib/libc/include" ;;
! *)
! 	CC="$b2h/gcc/xgcc -B$b2h/gcc/ -isystem $b2h/${host}/newlib/targ-include -isystem $src/newlib/libc/include" ;;
! esac
  AR=$b2h/binutils/ar
  RANLIB=$b2h/binutils/ranlib

  # These are for building libraries that run on $target.
! CC_FOR_TARGET="$b2t/gcc/xgcc -B$b2t/gcc/ -isystem $b2t/${target}/newlib/targ-include -isystem $src/newlib/libc/include"
  GCC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET"
  CC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET"
--- 617,626 ----

  # These are for building programs and libraries that run on $host.
! CC="$b2h/gcc/xgcc -B$b2h/gcc/ -isystem $src/winsup/include -isystem $b2h/${host}/newlib/targ-include -isystem $src/newlib/libc/include"
  AR=$b2h/binutils/ar
  RANLIB=$b2h/binutils/ranlib

  # These are for building libraries that run on $target.
! CC_FOR_TARGET="$b2t/gcc/xgcc -B$b2t/gcc/ -isystem $src/winsup/include -isystem $b2t/${target}/newlib/targ-include -isystem $src/newlib/libc/include"
  GCC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET"
  CC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET"
*************** AR_FOR_TARGET=$b2t/binutils/ar
*** 538,560 ****
  NM_FOR_TARGET=$b2t/binutils/nm.new
  RANLIB_FOR_TARGET=$b2t/binutils/ranlib
! # $DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET is only needed for cygwin32 hosted systems, but
  # it doesn't hurt to always pass it.
  DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET=$b2t/binutils/dlltool

! # Don't add -g here if hosting on i386-go32 and don't comment this out
! # (that will cause -g to be used).  
! # There's a fixed size to the line number table (or something like that).
  CFLAGS=-O

  # Ready.  Configure and build.

! [ -d $h2t ] || mkdir $h2t
! 
! (cd $h2t ; CC="$CC" AR="$AR" RANLIB="$RANLIB" $src/configure --build=${build} --host=${host} --target=${target} --prefix=$rel -v)
! [ $? = 0 ] || exit 1

  cd $h2t

! make all \
  	CC_FOR_BUILD="$CC_FOR_BUILD" \
  	CXX_FOR_BUILD="$CXX_FOR_BUILD" \
--- 631,660 ----
  NM_FOR_TARGET=$b2t/binutils/nm.new
  RANLIB_FOR_TARGET=$b2t/binutils/ranlib
! # $DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET is only needed for win32 hosted systems, but
  # it doesn't hurt to always pass it.
  DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET=$b2t/binutils/dlltool
+ #BISON=$b2h/byacc/byacc

! # For go32 cannot use -g because it can overflow coff debug info tables.
  CFLAGS=-O
+ CXXFLAGS=-O

  # Ready.  Configure and build.

! if [ ! -f $h2t/configure.done ] ; then
!     [ -d $h2t ] || mkdir $h2t
!     (cd $h2t ; CC="$CC" AR="$AR" RANLIB="$RANLIB" $src/configure --build=${build} --host=${host} --target=${target} --prefix=$rel --exec-prefix=$relexec -v)
!     touch $h2t/configure.done
! fi

  cd $h2t

! # `info' already made for FSF releases.
! #maketargets="all info"
! maketargets=all
! 
! make -w ${maketargets} \
! 	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" \
! 	CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" \
  	CC_FOR_BUILD="$CC_FOR_BUILD" \
  	CXX_FOR_BUILD="$CXX_FOR_BUILD" \
*************** make all \
*** 565,596 ****
  	CC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
  	CXX_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	AS_FOR_TARGET="$AS_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	LD_FOR_TARGET="$LD_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	AR_FOR_TARGET="$AR_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	NM_FOR_TARGET="$NM_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	RANLIB_FOR_TARGET="$RANLIB_FOR_TARGET" \
  	DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET="$DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET"

! [ $? = 0 ] || exit 1

! # All we have to do now is install it.
! # This piece is separated from the previous make as sometimes
! # one wants to install things differently.
! 
! #make install \
! #	CC_FOR_BUILD="$CC_FOR_BUILD" \
! #	CXX_FOR_BUILD="$CXX_FOR_BUILD" \
! #	CC="$CC" \
! #	AR="$AR" \
! #	RANLIB="$RANLIB" \
! #	GCC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	CC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	CXX_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	AS_FOR_TARGET="$AS_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	LD_FOR_TARGET="$LD_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	AR_FOR_TARGET="$AR_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	NM_FOR_TARGET="$NM_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	RANLIB_FOR_TARGET="$RANLIB_FOR_TARGET" \
! #	DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET="$DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET"

  # Almost done.  Before the toolchain is usable we need to
--- 665,701 ----
  	CC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
  	CXX_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	AS_FOR_TARGET=$AS_FOR_TARGET \
! 	LD_FOR_TARGET=$LD_FOR_TARGET \
! 	AR_FOR_TARGET=$AR_FOR_TARGET \
! 	NM_FOR_TARGET=$NM_FOR_TARGET \
! 	RANLIB_FOR_TARGET=$RANLIB_FOR_TARGET \
  	DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET="$DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET"

! # All done, install if asked to.

! if [ x"$action" = xinstall ] ; then
!     make -w install install-info \
! 	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" \
! 	CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS" \
! 	CC_FOR_BUILD="$CC_FOR_BUILD" \
! 	CXX_FOR_BUILD="$CXX_FOR_BUILD" \
! 	CC="$CC" \
! 	AR="$AR" \
! 	RANLIB="$RANLIB" \
! 	GCC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	CC_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	CXX_FOR_TARGET="$CC_FOR_TARGET" \
! 	AS_FOR_TARGET=$AS_FOR_TARGET \
! 	LD_FOR_TARGET=$LD_FOR_TARGET \
! 	AR_FOR_TARGET=$AR_FOR_TARGET \
! 	NM_FOR_TARGET=$NM_FOR_TARGET \
! 	RANLIB_FOR_TARGET=$RANLIB_FOR_TARGET \
! 	DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET="$DLLTOOL_FOR_TARGET"
! 
!     # Install cygwin.dll [if built].
!     if [ -f $b2h/$host/winsup/new-cygwin.dll ] ; then
! 	cp $b2h/$host/winsup/new-cygwin.dll $relexec/bin/cygwin.dll
!     fi
! fi

  # Almost done.  Before the toolchain is usable we need to
*************** of tools to do this.  It works on the "i
*** 611,615 ****
  procedure and produces a tar/zip'able tree that is ready to install and use.

! FIXME: procedure for using dosrel-1.0 missing.

  Once the tree is built and installed in MSDOS, you need to set several
--- 716,736 ----
  procedure and produces a tar/zip'able tree that is ready to install and use.

! Modify the steps in dosrel-1.0/README as follows:
! 
! 1) Build and install the DOS hosted cross-compiler using the Canadian-Cross
!    method.
! 
! 2) Configure this directory the same way you configured the DOS cross-compiler.
!    We build in the source directory here.  The argument to --exec-prefix
!    violates DOS's 8.3 rules but the violation is harmless.
!    eg: /path/to/binutils-2.7/configure --srcdir=. \
! 	 --build=$build host=i386-go32 --target=$target \
! 	 --prefix=$prefix --exec-prefix=$prefix/H-i386-go32 -v
! 
! 3) Run "make dos-tree GO32_STRIP=/path/to/b-sparc-sun-solaris2-x-i386-go32/binutils/strip.new".
! 
! 4) Subdirectory `dos-tree' is now ready to copy over to DOS and use.
!    You will need to edit `set-env.bat' in the `bin' directory to tell GCC
!    and the various pieces where you installed them.

  Once the tree is built and installed in MSDOS, you need to set several
*************** The latest version of djgpp doesn't requ
*** 634,638 ****
  toolchain (binutils (?)) and the Newlib library haven't been updated yet.

! 3.7 Disk space requirements

  How much disk space is required?
--- 755,759 ----
  toolchain (binutils (?)) and the Newlib library haven't been updated yet.

! 3.9 Disk space requirements

  How much disk space is required?
*************** to be installed by running `gcc --print-
*** 662,666 ****
  like this:

! install: /calvin/dje/rel/H-sparc-sun-solaris2/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2/2.7.2/
  programs: [... omitted ...]
  libraries: [... omitted ...]
--- 783,787 ----
  like this:

! install: /calvin/dje/rel/H-sparc-sun-solaris2/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2/2.7.2.1/
  programs: [... omitted ...]
  libraries: [... omitted ...]
*************** The `install' line tells you where GCC w
*** 671,675 ****
  2) Set the environment variable GCC_EXEC_PREFIX to the directory where you
  installed GCC.  For example, if you installed GCC in /home/gcc [and file
! cc1 lives in /home/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/$target/2.7.2 where $target is the --target
  argument that was passed to configure], then set GCC_EXEC_PREFIX to
  /home/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/.  The trailing '/' is important!
--- 792,796 ----
  2) Set the environment variable GCC_EXEC_PREFIX to the directory where you
  installed GCC.  For example, if you installed GCC in /home/gcc [and file
! cc1 lives in /home/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/$target/2.7.2.1 where $target is the --target
  argument that was passed to configure], then set GCC_EXEC_PREFIX to
  /home/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/.  The trailing '/' is important!
*************** libgcc.a is a library internal to GCC.  
*** 780,786 ****
    (for example, say, 32 bit integer multiply)
  - software floating point support for chips that don't have hardware
!   floating point routines (see 5.3).
  - other routines needed to implement language functionality that GCC
!   doesn't emit inline code for.

  5.2 How do I force GCC to emit inline code for memcpy?
--- 901,907 ----
    (for example, say, 32 bit integer multiply)
  - software floating point support for chips that don't have hardware
!   floating point routines (see 5.3)
  - other routines needed to implement language functionality that GCC
!   doesn't emit inline code for

  5.2 How do I force GCC to emit inline code for memcpy?
*************** Newlib, being intended for embedded syst
*** 818,823 ****
  (and is more memory-efficient than glibc).

- (FIXME: Need to say more here.)
- 
  5.4 What if I need software floating point support?

--- 939,942 ----
*************** in a library compiled for the m68020.  A
*** 844,850 ****

  Yes.  Depending upon the target, there should be --enable options to
! allow you to select which libraries you want to build.
! 
! m68k: FIXME: unfinished

  6. Using GDB for Remote Debugging
--- 963,970 ----

  Yes.  Depending upon the target, there should be --enable options to
! allow you to select which libraries you want to build.  This varies
! over time so listing them here might not be useful.  The best way
! to find out is to study the config-ml.in script at the top of the
! newlib source tree.

  6. Using GDB for Remote Debugging
*************** the targets that it supports.  That is t
*** 854,859 ****
  If you have `info' and the gdb `info' files installed you can run
  "info -f gdb.info -n Remote" to view the relevant section.
- 
- FIXME: Should still have a list of frequently asked questions.

  7. S Records, etc.
--- 974,977 ----
*************** objcopy can be used to convert an existi
*** 874,886 ****
  Use --output-target=srec.

- FIXME: Need someone to finish this section.
- 
  7.2 How do I use the linker to generate S Records?

! FIXME: Need someone to write this section.

  8. Target Specific Info

! FIXME: Unfinished.

  9. Operating systems for embedded systems
--- 992,1028 ----
  Use --output-target=srec.

  7.2 How do I use the linker to generate S Records?

! Pass -oformat=srec to GLD.

  8. Target Specific Info

! 8.1 What embedded targets are supported?
! 
! Here is a partial list.
! 
! They are named by the argument one would use with the --target= option
! of `configure'.
! 
! a29k-amd-udi
! arm-aout
! arm-coff
! h8300-hms
! hppa1.1-hp-proelf
! i386-aout
! i386-coff
! i386-elf
! i960-coff
! m68k-aout
! m68k-coff
! mips-ecoff
! mips-elf
! mips64-elf
! powerpc-eabi
! sh-hms
! sparc-aout
! sparclite-aout
! sparclite-coff
! sparc64-elf

  9. Operating systems for embedded systems
*************** with the software to find out how to rep
*** 953,959 ****
  right to the page you need to read for GCC.

! Failing that, please include the following information:
! - version number (e.g. gcc-2.7.2)
  - configuration (the arguments you passed to `configure')
  - (in the case of gas, gcc, glibc, and newlib) preprocessed source that
    triggers the bug.  Preprocessed source can either be obtained by passing
--- 1095,1104 ----
  right to the page you need to read for GCC.

! Failing that, always include the following information:
! - version number (e.g. gcc-2.7.2.1)
  - configuration (the arguments you passed to `configure')
+ - type of system you are compiling on (e.g. i386-linux, sparc-solaris2),
+   ideally this is the result of the `config.guess' program that is included
+   in the source tree
  - (in the case of gas, gcc, glibc, and newlib) preprocessed source that
    triggers the bug.  Preprocessed source can either be obtained by passing
*************** Failing that, please include the followi
*** 963,966 ****
--- 1108,1113 ----
    say "GCC can't compile file foo.c from program Bar version 4.2".
  - complete list of options passed to the program (e.g. gcc -g -O2 ...).
+ - the text of the error message [as output by the program, do not edit it
+   for brevity]

  10.4 Other mailing lists, web sites, newsgroups, etc.
*************** miscellaneous newsgroups
*** 983,987 ****
  FIXME: Others?

! 11. Contributors.

  The following people have contributed to this FAQ.  Thanks!
--- 1130,1170 ----
  FIXME: Others?

! 11. Glossary
! 
! Canadian Cross
! 
! 	This is a cross compiler where build machine != host machine.
! 	See section 3.6 for more information.
! 
! cross compiler
! 
! 	This is a compiler that builds programs for a machine different
! 	than the one the compiler is run on.  For example, an i386-linux
! 	cross m68k-coff compiler is one where GCC runs on an i386-linux
! 	machine and compiles programs for running on m68k-coff machines.
! 
! build machine
! 
! 	This is the machine the toolchain is being built on.
! 	In the case of a Canadian Cross, it is not the same as the
! 	host machine.
! 
! host machine
! 
! 	This is the machine the toolchain programs (GCC, GAS, etc.)
! 	will run on.  In the case of a cross compiler, this is not the
! 	same as the target machine.
! 
! native compiler
! 
! 	This is a compiler where host == target.
! 
! target machine
! 
! 	This is the machine the toolchain builds programs for.
! 
! FIXME: Others?
! 
! 12. Contributors.

  The following people have contributed to this FAQ.  Thanks!