[PATCH RFC] bfd/ELF: restrict file alignment for object files

Jan Beulich jbeulich@suse.com
Fri Aug 23 10:28:16 GMT 2024


While for executables properly aligning sections within the file can be
quite relevant, the same is of pretty little importance for relocatable
object files. However, compensate this a little for sections with fixed
entry sizes, such that they're at least aligned to what conceivably is
the granularity within those elements (allowing e.g. REL/RELA sections
to still be mmap()-ed and then accessed without needing to deal with
mis-alignment of fields).
---
RFC: Question is whether some minimal alignment (e.g. the architecture's
     word size) should still be retained, then perhaps replacing the
     sh_entsize special treatment. Else question is whether e.g. the
     symbol tables can also be written at misaligned file positions
     (assuming the sh_entsize-based alignment then also would be left
     out).

The Arm64 test being adjusted has an imo misleading name: I first
thought I broke something. Only when going back to the commit that
introduced it, I found that the test is about the _absence_ of tail
padding. Would people mind if I inserted e.g. "no" on the #name line?

--- a/bfd/elf.c
+++ b/bfd/elf.c
@@ -4567,8 +4567,19 @@ _bfd_elf_assign_file_position_for_sectio
 					   file_ptr offset,
 					   bool align)
 {
-  if (align && i_shdrp->sh_addralign > 1)
-    offset = BFD_ALIGN (offset, i_shdrp->sh_addralign & -i_shdrp->sh_addralign);
+  file_ptr salign = i_shdrp->sh_addralign & -i_shdrp->sh_addralign;
+
+  if (align && salign > 1)
+    offset = BFD_ALIGN (offset, salign);
+  else if (!align && i_shdrp->sh_entsize > 1)
+    {
+      /* To help efficient processing of sections with fixed element sizes,
+	 align them to the minimal granularity we can infer from element
+	 size itself and the specified address alignment.  */
+      file_ptr ealign = i_shdrp->sh_entsize & -i_shdrp->sh_entsize;
+
+      offset = BFD_ALIGN (offset, salign && salign < ealign ? salign : ealign);
+    }
   i_shdrp->sh_offset = offset;
   if (i_shdrp->bfd_section != NULL)
     i_shdrp->bfd_section->filepos = offset;
@@ -6796,7 +6807,7 @@ assign_file_positions_except_relocs (bfd
 	      hdr->sh_offset = -1;
 	    }
 	  else
-	    off = _bfd_elf_assign_file_position_for_section (hdr, off, true);
+	    off = _bfd_elf_assign_file_position_for_section (hdr, off, false);
 	}
 
       elf_next_file_pos (abfd) = off;
@@ -7079,7 +7090,9 @@ _bfd_elf_assign_file_positions_for_non_l
 	      sec->contents = NULL;
 	    }
 
-	  off = _bfd_elf_assign_file_position_for_section (shdrp, off, true);
+	  off = _bfd_elf_assign_file_position_for_section (shdrp, off,
+		  (abfd->flags & (EXEC_P | DYNAMIC))
+		  || bfd_get_format (abfd) == bfd_core);
 	}
     }
 
--- a/binutils/testsuite/binutils-all/i386/compressed-1b.d
+++ b/binutils/testsuite/binutils-all/i386/compressed-1b.d
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ There are 5 section headers, starting at
 Section Headers:
   \[Nr\] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
   \[ 0\]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
-  \[ 1\] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000040 00001b 00  AX  0   0 16
-  \[ 2\] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 00005b 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
-  \[ 3\] .bss              NOBITS          00000000 00005b 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
-  \[ 4\] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 [0-9a-f]+ 00001c 00   .  0   0  1
+  \[ 1\] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 0000.. 00001b 00  AX  0   0 16
+  \[ 2\] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 0000.. 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
+  \[ 3\] .bss              NOBITS          00000000 0000.. 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
+  \[ 4\] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0000.. 00001c 00  ..  0   0  1
 Key to Flags:
 #...
--- a/binutils/testsuite/binutils-all/i386/compressed-1c.d
+++ b/binutils/testsuite/binutils-all/i386/compressed-1c.d
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ There are 5 section headers, starting at
 Section Headers:
   \[Nr\] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
   \[ 0\]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
-  \[ 1\] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000040 00001b 00  AX  0   0 16
-  \[ 2\] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 00005b 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
-  \[ 3\] .bss              NOBITS          00000000 00005b 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
-  \[ 4\] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 [0-9a-f]+ 00001c 00 .* 0   0  1
+  \[ 1\] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 0000.. 00001b 00  AX  0   0 16
+  \[ 2\] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 0000.. 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
+  \[ 3\] .bss              NOBITS          00000000 0000.. 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
+  \[ 4\] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0000.. 00001c 00  ..  0   0  1
 Key to Flags:
 #...
--- a/binutils/testsuite/binutils-all/readelf.s
+++ b/binutils/testsuite/binutils-all/readelf.s
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Section Headers:
 # MIPS targets put .rela.text here.
 #...
  +\[ .\] .* +PROGBITS +00000000 0000(3c|40|44|48|50) 0000(04|10) 00 +WA +0 +0 +(.|..)
- +\[ .\] .* +NOBITS +00000000 0000(40|44|48|4c|60) 000000 00 +WA +0 +0 +(.|..)
+ +\[ .\] .* +NOBITS +00000000 0+[0-9a-f]+ 000000 00 +WA +0 +0 +(.|..)
 # ARM targets put .ARM.attributes here.
 # MIPS targets put .reginfo, .mdebug, .MIPS.abiflags and .gnu.attributes here.
 # v850 targets put .call_table_data and .call_table_text here.
--- a/gas/testsuite/gas/aarch64/tail_padding.d
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/aarch64/tail_padding.d
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ Section Headers:
        Size              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align
   \[ 0\]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
-  \[ 1\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000040
+  \[ 1\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  000000..
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     1
-  \[ 2\] \.data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000040
+  \[ 2\] \.data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  000000..
        0000000000000008  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     64
-  \[ 3\] \.bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  00000080
+  \[ 3\] \.bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  000000..
        000000000000000c  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     64
 #...
--- a/gas/testsuite/gas/arm/ehabi-pacbti-m.d
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/arm/ehabi-pacbti-m.d
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #readelf: -u
 #target: [is_elf_format]
 
-Unwind section '.ARM.exidx' at offset 0x5c contains 1 entry:
+Unwind section '.ARM.exidx' at offset 0x[0-9a-f]+ contains 1 entry:
 
 0x0: @0x0
   Compact model index: 1
--- a/gas/testsuite/gas/ia64/group-1.d
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/ia64/group-1.d
@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ Section Headers:
        Size              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align
   \[ 0\]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
-  \[ 1\] \.group            GROUP            0000000000000000  00000040
+  \[ 1\] \.group            GROUP            0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000008  0000000000000004           6     6     4
-  \[ 2\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000050
+  \[ 2\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     16
-  \[ 3\] \.data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000050
+  \[ 3\] \.data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
-  \[ 4\] \.bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  00000050
+  \[ 4\] \.bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
-  \[ 5\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000050
+  \[ 5\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000010  0000000000000000 AXG       0     0     16
   \[ 6\] \.symtab           SYMTAB           0000000000000000  .*
        00000000000000c0  0000000000000018           7     8     8
--- a/gas/testsuite/gas/ia64/group-2.d
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/ia64/group-2.d
@@ -9,19 +9,19 @@ Section Headers:
        Size              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align
   \[ 0\]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
-  \[ 1\] \.group            GROUP            0000000000000000  00000040
+  \[ 1\] \.group            GROUP            0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000014  0000000000000004           9     5     4
-  \[ 2\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000060
+  \[ 2\] \.text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     16
-  \[ 3\] \.data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000060
+  \[ 3\] \.data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
-  \[ 4\] \.bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  00000060
+  \[ 4\] \.bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
-  \[ 5\] \.gnu\.linkonce\.t\.f PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000060
+  \[ 5\] \.gnu\.linkonce\.t\.f PROGBITS         0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000000  0000000000000000 AXG       0     0     16
-  \[ 6\] \.gnu\.linkonce\.ia6 PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000060
+  \[ 6\] \.gnu\.linkonce\.ia6 PROGBITS         0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000010  0000000000000000  AG       0     0     8
-  \[ 7\] \.gnu\.linkonce\.ia6 IA_64_UNWIND     0000000000000000  00000070
+  \[ 7\] \.gnu\.linkonce\.ia6 IA_64_UNWIND     0000000000000000  [0-9a-f]+
        0000000000000018  0000000000000000 ALG       5     5     8
   \[ 8\] \.rela\.gnu\.linkonc RELA             0000000000000000  .*
        0000000000000048  0000000000000018  IG       9     7     8
--- a/gas/testsuite/gas/mmix/bspec-2.d
+++ b/gas/testsuite/gas/mmix/bspec-2.d
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #readelf: -Sr -T -x1 -x4
 There are 11 section headers, starting at offset .*:
 #...
-  \[ 4\] \.MMIX\.spec_data\.2 PROGBITS         0+  0+48
+  \[ 4\] \.MMIX\.spec_data\.2 PROGBITS         0+  [0-9a-f]+
        0+10  0+           0     0     8
   \[ 5\] \.rela\.MMIX\.spec_d RELA             0+  .*
  +0+30  0+18 +I +8 +4 +8
-  \[ 6\] \.MMIX\.spec_data\.3 PROGBITS         0+  0+58
+  \[ 6\] \.MMIX\.spec_data\.3 PROGBITS         0+  [0-9a-f]+
        0+8  0+           0     0     8
   \[ 7\] \.rela\.MMIX\.spec_d RELA             0+  .*
  +0+18 +0+18 +I +8 +6 +8
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr27590.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr27590.rd
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #...
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_info PROGBITS +0+ 0+28a 0+42 00 +E  0 +0  1
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .rela.gnu.debuglto_.debug_info RELA +0+ 0+810 0+f0 18 +I 26  17  8
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_abbrev PROGBITS +0+ 0+2cc 0+26 00 +E  0 +0  1
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro PROGBITS +0+ 0+2f2 0+2a 00 +E  0 +0  1
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .rela.gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro RELA +0+ 0+900 0+60 18 +I 26  20  8
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro PROGBITS +0+ 0+31c 0+10 00  GE  0 +0  1
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .rela.gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro RELA +0+ 0+960 0+30 18  IG 26  22  8
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_line PROGBITS +0+ 0+32c 0+8a 00 +E  0 +0  1
-  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_str PROGBITS +0+ 0+3b6 0+15c 01 MSE  0 +0  1
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_info PROGBITS +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+42 00 +E  0 +0  1
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .rela.gnu.debuglto_.debug_info RELA +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+f0 18 +I 26  17  8
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_abbrev PROGBITS +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+26 00 +E  0 +0  1
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro PROGBITS +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+2a 00 +E  0 +0  1
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .rela.gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro RELA +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+60 18 +I 26  20  8
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro PROGBITS +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+10 00  GE  0 +0  1
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .rela.gnu.debuglto_.debug_macro RELA +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+30 18  IG 26  22  8
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_line PROGBITS +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+8a 00 +E  0 +0  1
+  \[[ 0-9]+\] .gnu.debuglto_.debug_str PROGBITS +0+ [0-9a-f]+ 0+15c 01 MSE  0 +0  1
 #pass


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