How is .gnu.version resolved?

[Fangrui Song]

On 2021-04-30, Peng Yu via Binutils wrote:
>$ readelf -W -a puts_helloworld.exe
>...
>Version symbols section '.gnu.version' contains 7 entries:
> Addr: 0x000000000000045a  Offset: 0x00045a  Link: 5 (.dynsym)
>  000:   0 (*local*)       0 (*local*)       2 (GLIBC_2.2.5)   2 (GLIBC_2.2.5)
>  004:   0 (*local*)       0 (*local*)       2 (GLIBC_2.2.5)
>...
>
>I see the .gnu.version above. Which contains 7 numbers 0, 0, 2, 2, 0,
>0 and 2. The 2's seems to be the numbers in the numbers in () below.
>Is it so? What do these 2's mean?
>
>$ readelf -W --dyn-syms puts_helloworld.exe
>
>Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 7 entries:
>   Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
>     0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND
>     1: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND
>_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
>     2: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND puts@GLIBC_2.2.5 (2)
>     3: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND
>__libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 (2)
>     4: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND __gmon_start__
>     5: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND
>_ITM_registerTMCloneTable
>     6: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    WEAK   DEFAULT  UND
>__cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.2.5 (2)
>
>The raw data in .gnu.version is just a bunch of uint16_t if I
>understand it correctly. How these numbers are resolved to "*local*"
>and GLIBC_2.2.5?
>
>$ readelf -x .gnu.version puts_helloworld.exe
>
>Hex dump of section '.gnu.version':
>  0x0000045a 00000000 02000200 00000000 0200     ..............
>
>
>The input file is generated as below.
>
>$ cat puts_helloworld.c
>#include <stdio.h>
>int main() {
>    puts("Hello World!");
>    return 0;
>}
>$ gcc -o puts_helloworld.exe puts_helloworld.c
>$ gcc --version
>gcc (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110
>Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
>This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
>warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
>
>-- 
>Regards,
>Peng

https://maskray.me/blog/2020-11-26-all-about-symbol-versioning#example

readelf -V