[msp430-elf] Unexpected behavior with -nostdlib
Orlando Arias
orlandoarias@gmail.com
Tue Feb 14 22:39:00 GMT 2017
Greetings,
I was playing around a bit with the msp430-elf toolchain and I ran into
some odd behavior which I am not sure if it is intended. I wrote a small
program in assembly [attached] which I am building with the [also
attached] makefiles.
When passing -nostdlib to the linker command, the default/simulator
linker script is used instead of the MCU specific linker script as
specified in the parameter list with the -mmcu flag. This results in all
of the code being eliminated from the program and a .text section of 0
bytes in size [as expected given the --gc-sections].
I am able to override the behavior using the proper -Wl,-T commands to
force the utilization of a linker script, but this seems less than
elegant. I expected the linker to still use the MCU specific linker
script. The documentation is not very clear as to what the expected
behavior should be in this case regarding the usage of linker scripts.
I thought I would ask this here before filing a bug. Thank you.
Cheers,
Orlando.
-------------- next part --------------
/* ============================================================================ */
/* Copyright (c) 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated */
/* All rights reserved. */
/* */
/* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without */
/* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions */
/* are met: */
/* */
/* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright */
/* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. */
/* */
/* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright */
/* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the */
/* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. */
/* */
/* * Neither the name of Texas Instruments Incorporated nor the names of */
/* its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived */
/* from this software without specific prior written permission. */
/* */
/* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" */
/* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, */
/* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR */
/* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR */
/* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, */
/* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, */
/* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; */
/* OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, */
/* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR */
/* OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, */
/* EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */
/* ============================================================================ */
/* This file supports MSP430G2553 devices. */
/* Version: 1.194 */
/* Default linker script, for normal executables */
OUTPUT_ARCH(msp430)
ENTRY(_start)
MEMORY {
SFR : ORIGIN = 0x0000, LENGTH = 0x0010 /* END=0x0010, size 16 */
RAM : ORIGIN = 0x0200, LENGTH = 0x0200 /* END=0x03FF, size 512 */
INFOMEM : ORIGIN = 0x1000, LENGTH = 0x0100 /* END=0x10FF, size 256 as 4 64-byte segments */
INFOA : ORIGIN = 0x10C0, LENGTH = 0x0040 /* END=0x10FF, size 64 */
INFOB : ORIGIN = 0x1080, LENGTH = 0x0040 /* END=0x10BF, size 64 */
INFOC : ORIGIN = 0x1040, LENGTH = 0x0040 /* END=0x107F, size 64 */
INFOD : ORIGIN = 0x1000, LENGTH = 0x0040 /* END=0x103F, size 64 */
ROM (rx) : ORIGIN = 0xC000, LENGTH = 0x3FDE /* END=0xFFDD, size 16350 */
BSLSIGNATURE : ORIGIN = 0xFFDE, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT1 : ORIGIN = 0xFFE0, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT2 : ORIGIN = 0xFFE2, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT3 : ORIGIN = 0xFFE4, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT4 : ORIGIN = 0xFFE6, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT5 : ORIGIN = 0xFFE8, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT6 : ORIGIN = 0xFFEA, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT7 : ORIGIN = 0xFFEC, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT8 : ORIGIN = 0xFFEE, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT9 : ORIGIN = 0xFFF0, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT10 : ORIGIN = 0xFFF2, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT11 : ORIGIN = 0xFFF4, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT12 : ORIGIN = 0xFFF6, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT13 : ORIGIN = 0xFFF8, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT14 : ORIGIN = 0xFFFA, LENGTH = 0x0002
VECT15 : ORIGIN = 0xFFFC, LENGTH = 0x0002
RESETVEC : ORIGIN = 0xFFFE, LENGTH = 0x0002
}
SECTIONS
{
.bslsignature : {} > BSLSIGNATURE
__interrupt_vector_1 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_1 )) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_trapint)) } > VECT1
__interrupt_vector_2 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_2 )) } > VECT2
__interrupt_vector_3 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_3 )) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_port1)) } > VECT3
__interrupt_vector_4 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_4 )) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_port2)) } > VECT4
__interrupt_vector_5 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_5 )) } > VECT5
__interrupt_vector_6 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_6 )) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_adc10)) } > VECT6
__interrupt_vector_7 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_7 )) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_usciab0tx)) } > VECT7
__interrupt_vector_8 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_8 )) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_usciab0rx)) } > VECT8
__interrupt_vector_9 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_9 )) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_timer0_a1)) } > VECT9
__interrupt_vector_10 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_10)) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_timer0_a0)) } > VECT10
__interrupt_vector_11 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_11)) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_wdt)) } > VECT11
__interrupt_vector_12 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_12)) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_comparatora)) } > VECT12
__interrupt_vector_13 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_13)) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_timer1_a1)) } > VECT13
__interrupt_vector_14 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_14)) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_timer1_a0)) } > VECT14
__interrupt_vector_15 : { KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_15)) KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_nmi)) } > VECT15
__reset_vector :
{
KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_16))
KEEP (*(__interrupt_vector_reset))
KEEP (*(.resetvec))
} > RESETVEC
.rodata :
{
. = ALIGN(2);
*(.plt)
*(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.* .const .const:*)
*(.rodata1)
KEEP (*(.gcc_except_table)) *(.gcc_except_table.*)
PROVIDE (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array))
PROVIDE (__preinit_array_end = .);
PROVIDE (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array))
PROVIDE (__init_array_end = .);
PROVIDE (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.fini_array))
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
PROVIDE (__fini_array_end = .);
} > ROM
/* Note: This is a separate .rodata section for sections which are
read only but which older linkers treat as read-write.
This prevents older linkers from marking the entire .rodata
section as read-write. */
.rodata2 :
{
. = ALIGN(2);
*(.eh_frame_hdr)
KEEP (*(.eh_frame))
/* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of the constructors, so
we make sure it is first. Because this is a wildcard, it
doesn't matter if the user does not actually link against
crtbegin.o; the linker won't look for a file to match a
wildcard. The wildcard also means that it doesn't matter which
directory crtbegin.o is in. */
KEEP (*crtbegin*.o(.ctors))
/* We don't want to include the .ctor section from from the
crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors. The .ctor section
from the crtend file contains the end of ctors marker and it
must be last */
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend*.o ) .ctors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
KEEP (*(.ctors))
KEEP (*crtbegin*.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend*.o ) .dtors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
KEEP (*(.dtors))
} > ROM
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(2);
PROVIDE (_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.crt_*)))
*(.lowtext .text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.* .text:*)
KEEP (*(.text.*personality*))
/* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */
*(.gnu.warning)
*(.interp .hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version*)
PROVIDE (__etext = .);
PROVIDE (_etext = .);
PROVIDE (etext = .);
. = ALIGN(2);
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
KEEP (*(.tm_clone_table))
} > ROM
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(2);
PROVIDE (__datastart = .);
KEEP (*(.jcr))
*(.data.rel.ro.local) *(.data.rel.ro*)
*(.dynamic)
*(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*)
KEEP (*(.gnu.linkonce.d.*personality*))
SORT(CONSTRUCTORS)
*(.data1)
*(.got.plt) *(.got)
/* We want the small data sections together, so single-instruction offsets
can access them all, and initialized data all before uninitialized, so
we can shorten the on-disk segment size. */
. = ALIGN(2);
*(.sdata .sdata.* .gnu.linkonce.s.* D_2 D_1)
. = ALIGN(2);
_edata = .;
PROVIDE (edata = .);
PROVIDE (__dataend = .);
} > RAM AT>ROM
/* Note that crt0 assumes this is a multiple of two; all the
start/stop symbols are also assumed word-aligned. */
PROVIDE(__romdatastart = LOADADDR(.data));
PROVIDE (__romdatacopysize = SIZEOF(.data));
.bss :
{
. = ALIGN(2);
PROVIDE (__bssstart = .);
*(.dynbss)
*(.sbss .sbss.*)
*(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*)
. = ALIGN(2);
*(COMMON)
PROVIDE (__bssend = .);
} > RAM
PROVIDE (__bsssize = SIZEOF(.bss));
/* This section contains data that is not initialised during load
or application reset. */
.noinit (NOLOAD) :
{
. = ALIGN(2);
PROVIDE (__noinit_start = .);
*(.noinit)
. = ALIGN(2);
PROVIDE (__noinit_end = .);
end = .;
} > RAM
/* We create this section so that "end" will always be in the
RAM region (matching .stack below), even if the .bss
section is empty. */
.heap (NOLOAD) :
{
. = ALIGN(2);
__heap_start__ = .;
_end = __heap_start__;
PROVIDE (end = .);
KEEP (*(.heap))
_end = .;
PROVIDE (end = .);
/* This word is here so that the section is not empty, and thus
not discarded by the linker. The actual value does not matter
and is ignored. */
LONG(0);
__heap_end__ = .;
__HeapLimit = __heap_end__;
} > RAM
/* WARNING: Do not place anything in RAM here.
The heap section must be the last section in RAM and the stack
section must be placed at the very end of the RAM region. */
.stack (ORIGIN (RAM) + LENGTH(RAM)) :
{
PROVIDE (__stack = .);
*(.stack)
}
.infoA : {} > INFOA /* MSP430 INFO FLASH MEMORY SEGMENTS */
.infoB : {} > INFOB
.infoC : {} > INFOC
.infoD : {} > INFOD
.MSP430.attributes 0 :
{
KEEP (*(.MSP430.attributes))
KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes))
KEEP (*(__TI_build_attributes))
}
/* The rest are all not normally part of the runtime image. */
/* Stabs debugging sections. */
.stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
.stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
.stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
.stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
.stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
.stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
.comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
/* DWARF debug sections.
Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning
of the section so we begin them at 0. */
/* DWARF 1 */
.debug 0 : { *(.debug) }
.line 0 : { *(.line) }
/* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */
.debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) }
.debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) }
/* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */
.debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) }
.debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) }
/* DWARF 2 */
.debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) }
.debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) }
.debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line .debug_line.* .debug_line_end ) }
.debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) }
.debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) }
.debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) }
.debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) }
/* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */
.debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) }
.debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) }
.debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) }
.debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) }
/DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) }
}
/****************************************************************************/
/* Include peripherals memory map */
/****************************************************************************/
INCLUDE msp430g2553_symbols.ld
-------------- next part --------------
/* ============================================================================ */
/* Copyright (c) 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated */
/* All rights reserved. */
/* */
/* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without */
/* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions */
/* are met: */
/* */
/* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright */
/* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. */
/* */
/* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright */
/* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the */
/* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. */
/* */
/* * Neither the name of Texas Instruments Incorporated nor the names of */
/* its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived */
/* from this software without specific prior written permission. */
/* */
/* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" */
/* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, */
/* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR */
/* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR */
/* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, */
/* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, */
/* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; */
/* OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, */
/* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR */
/* OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, */
/* EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */
/* ============================================================================ */
/* This file supports MSP430G2553 devices. */
/* Version: 1.194 */
/************************************************************
* STANDARD BITS
************************************************************/
/************************************************************
* STATUS REGISTER BITS
************************************************************/
/************************************************************
* PERIPHERAL FILE MAP
************************************************************/
/************************************************************
* SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER ADDRESSES + CONTROL BITS
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(IE1 = 0x0000);
PROVIDE(IFG1 = 0x0002);
PROVIDE(IE2 = 0x0001);
PROVIDE(IFG2 = 0x0003);
/************************************************************
* ADC10
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(ADC10DTC0 = 0x0048);
PROVIDE(ADC10DTC1 = 0x0049);
PROVIDE(ADC10AE0 = 0x004A);
PROVIDE(ADC10CTL0 = 0x01B0);
PROVIDE(ADC10CTL1 = 0x01B2);
PROVIDE(ADC10MEM = 0x01B4);
PROVIDE(ADC10SA = 0x01BC);
/************************************************************
* Basic Clock Module
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(DCOCTL = 0x0056);
PROVIDE(BCSCTL1 = 0x0057);
PROVIDE(BCSCTL2 = 0x0058);
PROVIDE(BCSCTL3 = 0x0053);
/************************************************************
* Comparator A
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(CACTL1 = 0x0059);
PROVIDE(CACTL2 = 0x005A);
PROVIDE(CAPD = 0x005B);
/*************************************************************
* Flash Memory
*************************************************************/
PROVIDE(FCTL1 = 0x0128);
PROVIDE(FCTL2 = 0x012A);
PROVIDE(FCTL3 = 0x012C);
/************************************************************
* DIGITAL I/O Port1/2 Pull up / Pull down Resistors
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(P1IN = 0x0020);
PROVIDE(P1OUT = 0x0021);
PROVIDE(P1DIR = 0x0022);
PROVIDE(P1IFG = 0x0023);
PROVIDE(P1IES = 0x0024);
PROVIDE(P1IE = 0x0025);
PROVIDE(P1SEL = 0x0026);
PROVIDE(P1SEL2 = 0x0041);
PROVIDE(P1REN = 0x0027);
PROVIDE(P2IN = 0x0028);
PROVIDE(P2OUT = 0x0029);
PROVIDE(P2DIR = 0x002A);
PROVIDE(P2IFG = 0x002B);
PROVIDE(P2IES = 0x002C);
PROVIDE(P2IE = 0x002D);
PROVIDE(P2SEL = 0x002E);
PROVIDE(P2SEL2 = 0x0042);
PROVIDE(P2REN = 0x002F);
/************************************************************
* DIGITAL I/O Port3 Pull up / Pull down Resistors
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(P3IN = 0x0018);
PROVIDE(P3OUT = 0x0019);
PROVIDE(P3DIR = 0x001A);
PROVIDE(P3SEL = 0x001B);
PROVIDE(P3SEL2 = 0x0043);
PROVIDE(P3REN = 0x0010);
/************************************************************
* Timer0_A3
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(TA0IV = 0x012E);
PROVIDE(TA0CTL = 0x0160);
PROVIDE(TA0CCTL0 = 0x0162);
PROVIDE(TA0CCTL1 = 0x0164);
PROVIDE(TA0CCTL2 = 0x0166);
PROVIDE(TA0R = 0x0170);
PROVIDE(TA0CCR0 = 0x0172);
PROVIDE(TA0CCR1 = 0x0174);
PROVIDE(TA0CCR2 = 0x0176);
/************************************************************
* Timer1_A3
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(TA1IV = 0x011E);
PROVIDE(TA1CTL = 0x0180);
PROVIDE(TA1CCTL0 = 0x0182);
PROVIDE(TA1CCTL1 = 0x0184);
PROVIDE(TA1CCTL2 = 0x0186);
PROVIDE(TA1R = 0x0190);
PROVIDE(TA1CCR0 = 0x0192);
PROVIDE(TA1CCR1 = 0x0194);
PROVIDE(TA1CCR2 = 0x0196);
/************************************************************
* USCI
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(UCA0CTL0 = 0x0060);
PROVIDE(UCA0CTL1 = 0x0061);
PROVIDE(UCA0BR0 = 0x0062);
PROVIDE(UCA0BR1 = 0x0063);
PROVIDE(UCA0MCTL = 0x0064);
PROVIDE(UCA0STAT = 0x0065);
PROVIDE(UCA0RXBUF = 0x0066);
PROVIDE(UCA0TXBUF = 0x0067);
PROVIDE(UCA0ABCTL = 0x005D);
PROVIDE(UCA0IRTCTL = 0x005E);
PROVIDE(UCA0IRRCTL = 0x005F);
PROVIDE(UCB0CTL0 = 0x0068);
PROVIDE(UCB0CTL1 = 0x0069);
PROVIDE(UCB0BR0 = 0x006A);
PROVIDE(UCB0BR1 = 0x006B);
PROVIDE(UCB0I2CIE = 0x006C);
PROVIDE(UCB0STAT = 0x006D);
PROVIDE(UCB0RXBUF = 0x006E);
PROVIDE(UCB0TXBUF = 0x006F);
PROVIDE(UCB0I2COA = 0x0118);
PROVIDE(UCB0I2CSA = 0x011A);
/************************************************************
* WATCHDOG TIMER
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(WDTCTL = 0x0120);
/************************************************************
* Calibration Data in Info Mem
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(CALDCO_16MHZ = 0x10F8);
PROVIDE(CALBC1_16MHZ = 0x10F9);
PROVIDE(CALDCO_12MHZ = 0x10FA);
PROVIDE(CALBC1_12MHZ = 0x10FB);
PROVIDE(CALDCO_8MHZ = 0x10FC);
PROVIDE(CALBC1_8MHZ = 0x10FD);
PROVIDE(CALDCO_1MHZ = 0x10FE);
PROVIDE(CALBC1_1MHZ = 0x10FF);
/************************************************************
* Calibration Data in Info Mem
************************************************************/
PROVIDE(TLV_CHECKSUM = 0x10C0);
PROVIDE(TLV_DCO_30_TAG = 0x10F6);
PROVIDE(TLV_DCO_30_LEN = 0x10F7);
PROVIDE(TLV_ADC10_1_TAG = 0x10DA);
PROVIDE(TLV_ADC10_1_LEN = 0x10DB);
/************************************************************
* Interrupt Vectors (offset from 0xFFE0)
************************************************************/
/************************************************************
* End of Modules
************************************************************/
-------------- next part --------------
ELF=interrupts.elf
SRC=interrupts.S
MCU=msp430g2553
CC = msp430-elf-gcc
LD = msp430-elf-gcc
AS = msp430-elf-gcc
SIZE = msp430-elf-size
RUN = msp430-elf-run
STRIP = msp430-elf-strip
CFLAGS = -E
# uncommenting the -Wl,-T lines fixes the issue
LDFLAGS = -nostdlib \
# -Wl,-Tmsp430g2553.ld \
-Wl,-Tmsp430g2553_symbols.ld
include ./Makefile.in
# vim:set ts=4 tw=79 syntax=make et:
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