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linker script for V850?
- From: Torsten Mohr <tmohr at s dot netic dot de>
- To: newlib at sourceware dot org
- Date: Fri, 28 Apr 2006 22:16:40 +0200
- Subject: linker script for V850?
Hi,
i've set up a small test project for V850, which compiles
fine, but in the resulting S-REC file there are some
bytes allocated that are in RAM, actually the .data section.
Googling for that problem i've read a hint to write an own
linker script. I've set up one based on the toolchains v850.x .
I've added a MEMORY-description and added ">ram AT>rom" to
section .data to fix this problem. I've also added ">ram"
and ">rom" where appropriate.
But there are two constructs like this:
.tdata ALIGN (4) :
{
PROVIDE (__ep = .);
*(.tbyte)
*(.tcommon_byte)
*(.tdata) /* Problem */
*(.tbss)
*(.tcommon)
} >ram AT>rom
All these sections are in RAM, but i want to place .tdata into
ROM. How can i do this? I've added the complete linker script.
At the moment i get:
v850e-unknown-elf-gcc -o hw2.elf \
-Wl,-Map=hw2.map \
-Wl,-Tv850.x \
main.o vectors.o
c:\v850e\bin\..\lib\gcc\v850e-unknown-elf\3.4.6\..\..\..\..
\v850e-unknown-elf\bin\ld.exe: address 0x75ec of hw2.elf section .tdata is
not within region ram
c:\v850e\bin\..\lib\gcc\v850e-unknown-elf\3.4.6\..\..\..\..
\v850e-unknown-elf\bin\ld.exe: address 0x75f0 of hw2.elf section .sdata is
not within region ram
gmake: *** [hw2.elf] Error 1
Another questions, what are the names for the symbols to use in crt0.s
to copy .data from ROM to RAM? Do i need to add these?
It would be great if somebody could give me some hints here.
Best regards,
Torsten.
/* Default linker script, for normal executables */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-v850", "elf32-v850", "elf32-v850")
OUTPUT_ARCH(v850)
ENTRY(_start)
SEARCH_DIR(.);
EXTERN(__ctbp __ep __gp);
MEMORY
{
vect : org = 0x0000, len = 0x640
rom : org = 0x640, len = 512k
ram : org = 0x03ffe000, len = 15k
stack : org = 0x03fffc00, len = 1k
}
SECTIONS
{
.vectors :
{
*(.vectors)
} >vect
/* This saves a little space in the ELF file, since the zda starts
at a higher location that the ELF headers take up. */
.zdata 0x160 :
{
*(.zdata)
*(.zbss)
*(reszdata)
*(.zcommon)
}
/* This is the read only part of the zero data area.
Having it as a seperate section prevents its
attributes from being inherited by the zdata
section. Specifically it prevents the zdata
section from being marked READONLY. */
.rozdata ALIGN (4) :
{
*(.rozdata)
*(romzdata)
*(romzbss)
} >rom
/* Read-only sections, merged into text segment. */
.interp : { *(.interp) } >rom
.hash : { *(.hash) } >rom
.dynsym : { *(.dynsym) } >rom
.dynstr : { *(.dynstr) } >rom
.rel.text : { *(.rel.text) } >rom
.rela.text : { *(.rela.text) } >rom
.rel.data : { *(.rel.data) } >rom
.rela.data : { *(.rela.data) } >rom
.rel.rodata : { *(.rel.rodata) } >rom
.rela.rodata : { *(.rela.rodata) } >rom
.rel.gcc_except_table : { *(.rel.gcc_except_table) } >rom
.rela.gcc_except_table : { *(.rela.gcc_except_table) } >rom
.rel.got : { *(.rel.got) } >rom
.rela.got : { *(.rela.got) } >rom
.rel.ctors : { *(.rel.ctors) } >rom
.rela.ctors : { *(.rela.ctors) } >rom
.rel.dtors : { *(.rel.dtors) } >rom
.rela.dtors : { *(.rela.dtors) } >rom
.rel.init : { *(.rel.init) } >rom
.rela.init : { *(.rela.init) } >rom
.rel.fini : { *(.rel.fini) } >rom
.rela.fini : { *(.rela.fini) } >rom
.rel.bss : { *(.rel.bss) } >rom
.rela.bss : { *(.rela.bss) } >rom
.rel.plt : { *(.rel.plt) } >rom
.rela.plt : { *(.rela.plt) } >rom
.init : { KEEP (*(.init)) } =0
.plt : { *(.plt) } >rom
.text :
{
*(.text)
*(.text.*)
/* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */
*(.gnu.warning)
*(.gnu.linkonce.t*)
} >rom
_etext = .;
PROVIDE (etext = .);
/* This is special code area at the end of the normal text section.
It contains a small lookup table at the start followed by the
code pointed to by entries in the lookup table. */
.call_table_data ALIGN (4) :
{
PROVIDE(__ctbp = .);
*(.call_table_data)
} >rom = 0xff /* Fill gaps with 0xff. */
.call_table_text :
{
*(.call_table_text)
} >rom
.fini : { KEEP (*(.fini)) } =0
.rodata : { *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.r*) } >rom
.rodata1 : { *(.rodata1) } >rom
.data :
{
*(.data)
*(.data.*)
*(.gnu.linkonce.d*)
CONSTRUCTORS
} >ram AT>rom
.data1 : { *(.data1) }
.ctors :
{
___ctors = .;
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o) .ctors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
KEEP (*crtend(.ctors))
___ctors_end = .;
} >rom
.dtors :
{
___dtors = .;
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o) .dtors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
KEEP (*crtend.o(.dtors))
___dtors_end = .;
} >rom
.jcr :
{
KEEP (*(.jcr))
} >rom
.gcc_except_table : { *(.gcc_except_table) }
.got : { *(.got.plt) *(.got) }
.dynamic : { *(.dynamic) }
.tdata ALIGN (4) :
{
PROVIDE (__ep = .);
*(.tbyte)
*(.tcommon_byte)
*(.tdata)
*(.tbss)
*(.tcommon)
} >ram AT>rom
/* We want the small data sections together, so single-instruction offsets
can access them all, and initialized data all before uninitialized, so
we can shorten the on-disk segment size. */
.sdata ALIGN (4) :
{
PROVIDE (__gp = . + 0x8000);
*(.sdata)
} >ram AT>rom
/* See comment about .rozdata. */
.rosdata ALIGN (4) :
{
*(.rosdata)
} >rom
/* We place the .sbss data section AFTER the .rosdata section, so that
it can directly preceed the .bss section. This allows runtime startup
code to initialise all the zero-data sections by simply taking the
value of '_edata' and zeroing until it reaches '_end'. */
.sbss :
{
__sbss_start = .;
*(.sbss)
*(.scommon)
} >ram
_edata = DEFINED (__sbss_start) ? __sbss_start : . ;
PROVIDE (edata = _edata);
.bss :
{
__bss_start = DEFINED (__sbss_start) ? __sbss_start : . ;
__real_bss_start = . ;
*(.dynbss)
*(.bss)
*(COMMON)
} >ram
_end = . ;
PROVIDE (end = .);
/* Stabs debugging sections. */
.stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
.stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
.stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
.stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
.stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
.stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
.comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
/* DWARF debug sections.
Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning
of the section so we begin them at 0. */
/* DWARF 1 */
.debug 0 : { *(.debug) }
.line 0 : { *(.line) }
/* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */
.debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) }
.debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) }
/* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */
.debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) }
.debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) }
/* DWARF 2 */
.debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) *(.gnu.linkonce.wi.*) }
.debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) }
.debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) }
.debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) }
.debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) }
.debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) }
.debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) }
/* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions. */
.debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) }
.debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) }
.debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) }
.debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) }
/* User stack. */
.stack :
{
__stack = .;
*(.stack)
} >stack
}