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linker script for V850?


Hi,

i've set up a small test project for V850, which compiles
fine, but in the resulting S-REC file there are some
bytes allocated that are in RAM, actually the .data section.

Googling for that problem i've read a hint to write an own
linker script.  I've set up one based on the toolchains v850.x .

I've added a MEMORY-description and added ">ram AT>rom" to
section .data to fix this problem.  I've also added ">ram"
and ">rom" where appropriate.


But there are two constructs like this:

  .tdata ALIGN (4) :
  {
	PROVIDE (__ep = .);
	*(.tbyte)
	*(.tcommon_byte)
	*(.tdata)   /* Problem */
	*(.tbss)
	*(.tcommon)
  } >ram AT>rom


All these sections are in RAM, but i want to place .tdata into
ROM.  How can i do this?  I've added the complete linker script.

At the moment i get:
v850e-unknown-elf-gcc -o hw2.elf \
	-Wl,-Map=hw2.map \
	-Wl,-Tv850.x \
	main.o vectors.o
c:\v850e\bin\..\lib\gcc\v850e-unknown-elf\3.4.6\..\..\..\..
\v850e-unknown-elf\bin\ld.exe: address 0x75ec of hw2.elf section .tdata is 
not within region ram
c:\v850e\bin\..\lib\gcc\v850e-unknown-elf\3.4.6\..\..\..\..
\v850e-unknown-elf\bin\ld.exe: address 0x75f0 of hw2.elf section .sdata is 
not within region ram
gmake: *** [hw2.elf] Error 1

Another questions, what are the names for the symbols to use in crt0.s
to copy .data from ROM to RAM?  Do i need to add these?


It would be great if somebody could give me some hints here.


Best regards,
Torsten.

/* Default linker script, for normal executables */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-v850", "elf32-v850", "elf32-v850")
OUTPUT_ARCH(v850)
ENTRY(_start)
SEARCH_DIR(.);
EXTERN(__ctbp __ep __gp);

MEMORY
{
    vect : org = 0x0000, len = 0x640
    rom : org = 0x640, len = 512k
    ram : org = 0x03ffe000, len = 15k
    stack : org = 0x03fffc00, len = 1k
}

SECTIONS
{
  .vectors :
  {
    *(.vectors)
  } >vect

  /* This saves a little space in the ELF file, since the zda starts
     at a higher location that the ELF headers take up.  */
  .zdata 0x160 :
  {
	*(.zdata)
	*(.zbss)
	*(reszdata)
	*(.zcommon)
  }
  /* This is the read only part of the zero data area.
     Having it as a seperate section prevents its
     attributes from being inherited by the zdata
     section.  Specifically it prevents the zdata
     section from being marked READONLY.  */
  .rozdata ALIGN (4) :
  {
	*(.rozdata)
	*(romzdata)
	*(romzbss)
  } >rom
  /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment.  */

  .interp	: { *(.interp) } >rom
  .hash		: { *(.hash) } >rom
  .dynsym	: { *(.dynsym) } >rom
  .dynstr	: { *(.dynstr) } >rom
  .rel.text	: { *(.rel.text) } >rom
  .rela.text	: { *(.rela.text) } >rom
  .rel.data	: { *(.rel.data) } >rom
  .rela.data	: { *(.rela.data) } >rom
  .rel.rodata	: { *(.rel.rodata) } >rom
  .rela.rodata	: { *(.rela.rodata) } >rom
  .rel.gcc_except_table : { *(.rel.gcc_except_table) } >rom
  .rela.gcc_except_table : { *(.rela.gcc_except_table) } >rom
  .rel.got	: { *(.rel.got) } >rom
  .rela.got	: { *(.rela.got) } >rom
  .rel.ctors	: { *(.rel.ctors) } >rom
  .rela.ctors	: { *(.rela.ctors) } >rom
  .rel.dtors	: { *(.rel.dtors) } >rom
  .rela.dtors	: { *(.rela.dtors) } >rom
  .rel.init	: { *(.rel.init) } >rom
  .rela.init	: { *(.rela.init) } >rom
  .rel.fini	: { *(.rel.fini) } >rom
  .rela.fini	: { *(.rela.fini) } >rom
  .rel.bss	: { *(.rel.bss) } >rom
  .rela.bss	: { *(.rela.bss) } >rom
  .rel.plt	: { *(.rel.plt) } >rom
  .rela.plt	: { *(.rela.plt) } >rom
  .init		: { KEEP (*(.init)) } =0
  .plt		: { *(.plt) } >rom
  .text :
  {
    *(.text)
    *(.text.*)
    /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em.  */
    *(.gnu.warning)
    *(.gnu.linkonce.t*)
  } >rom
  _etext = .;
  PROVIDE (etext = .);

   /* This is special code area at the end of the normal text section.
      It contains a small lookup table at the start followed by the
      code pointed to by entries in the lookup table.  */
  .call_table_data ALIGN (4) :
  {
    PROVIDE(__ctbp = .);
    *(.call_table_data)
  } >rom = 0xff /* Fill gaps with 0xff.  */

  .call_table_text :
  {
    *(.call_table_text)
  } >rom
  .fini		: { KEEP (*(.fini)) } =0
  .rodata	: { *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.r*) } >rom
  .rodata1	: { *(.rodata1) } >rom
  .data		:
  {
    *(.data)
    *(.data.*)
    *(.gnu.linkonce.d*)
    CONSTRUCTORS
  } >ram AT>rom
  .data1	: { *(.data1) }
  .ctors	:
  {
    ___ctors = .;
    KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o) .ctors))
    KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
    KEEP (*crtend(.ctors))
    ___ctors_end = .;
  } >rom
  .dtors	:
  {
    ___dtors = .;
    KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o) .dtors))
    KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
    KEEP (*crtend.o(.dtors))
    ___dtors_end = .;
  } >rom
  .jcr		:
  {
    KEEP (*(.jcr))
  } >rom
  .gcc_except_table : { *(.gcc_except_table) }
  .got		: { *(.got.plt) *(.got) }
  .dynamic	: { *(.dynamic) }

  .tdata ALIGN (4) :
  {
	PROVIDE (__ep = .);
	*(.tbyte)
	*(.tcommon_byte)
	*(.tdata)
	*(.tbss)
	*(.tcommon)
  } >ram AT>rom

  /* We want the small data sections together, so single-instruction offsets
     can access them all, and initialized data all before uninitialized, so
     we can shorten the on-disk segment size.  */
  .sdata ALIGN (4) :
  {
	PROVIDE (__gp = . + 0x8000);
	*(.sdata)
   } >ram AT>rom

  /* See comment about .rozdata. */
  .rosdata ALIGN (4) :
  {
	*(.rosdata)
  } >rom
  /* We place the .sbss data section AFTER the .rosdata section, so that
     it can directly preceed the .bss section.  This allows runtime startup
     code to initialise all the zero-data sections by simply taking the
     value of '_edata' and zeroing until it reaches '_end'.  */
  .sbss :
  {
	__sbss_start = .;
	*(.sbss)
	*(.scommon)
  } >ram
  _edata  = DEFINED (__sbss_start) ? __sbss_start : . ;
  PROVIDE (edata = _edata);
  .bss       :
  {
	__bss_start = DEFINED (__sbss_start) ? __sbss_start : . ;
	__real_bss_start = . ;
	*(.dynbss)
	*(.bss)
	*(COMMON)
  } >ram
  _end = . ;
  PROVIDE (end = .);
  /* Stabs debugging sections.  */
  .stab 0		: { *(.stab) }
  .stabstr 0		: { *(.stabstr) }
  .stab.excl 0		: { *(.stab.excl) }
  .stab.exclstr 0	: { *(.stab.exclstr) }
  .stab.index 0		: { *(.stab.index) }
  .stab.indexstr 0	: { *(.stab.indexstr) }
  .comment 0		: { *(.comment) }
  /* DWARF debug sections.
     Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning
     of the section so we begin them at 0.  */
  /* DWARF 1 */
  .debug          0	: { *(.debug) }
  .line           0	: { *(.line) }
  /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */
  .debug_srcinfo  0	: { *(.debug_srcinfo) }
  .debug_sfnames  0	: { *(.debug_sfnames) }
  /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */
  .debug_aranges  0	: { *(.debug_aranges) }
  .debug_pubnames 0	: { *(.debug_pubnames) }
  /* DWARF 2 */
  .debug_info     0	: { *(.debug_info) *(.gnu.linkonce.wi.*) }
  .debug_abbrev   0	: { *(.debug_abbrev) }
  .debug_line     0	: { *(.debug_line) }
  .debug_frame    0	: { *(.debug_frame) }
  .debug_str      0	: { *(.debug_str) }
  .debug_loc      0	: { *(.debug_loc) }
  .debug_macinfo  0	: { *(.debug_macinfo) }
  /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions.  */
  .debug_weaknames 0	: { *(.debug_weaknames) }
  .debug_funcnames 0	: { *(.debug_funcnames) }
  .debug_typenames 0	: { *(.debug_typenames) }
  .debug_varnames  0	: { *(.debug_varnames) }
  /* User stack.  */
  .stack :
  {
	__stack = .;
	*(.stack)
  } >stack
}

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