math: Use log10f from CORE-MATH

math: Use log10f from CORE-MATH

The CORE-MATH implementation is correctly rounded (for any rounding mode)
and shows better performance compared to the generic log10f.

The code was adapted to glibc style and to use the definition of
math_config.h (to handle errno, overflow, and underflow).

Benchtest on x64_64 (Ryzen 9 5900X, gcc 14.2.1), aarch64 (Neoverse-N1,
gcc 13.3.1), and powerpc (POWER10, gcc 13.2.1):

Latency                      master        patched   improvement
x86_64                      49.9017        33.5143        32.84%
x86_64v2                    50.4878        33.5623        33.52%
x86_64v3                    50.0991        27.6078        44.89%
i686                        140.874        106.086        24.69%
aarch64                     19.2846        11.3573        41.11%
power10                     14.0994        7.7739        44.86%
powerpc                     14.2898        7.92497        44.54%

reciprocal-throughput        master        patched   improvement
x86_64                      17.8336        12.9074        27.62%
x86_64v2                    16.4418        11.3220        31.14%
x86_64v3                    15.6002        10.5158        32.59%
i686                        66.0678        80.2287        -21.43%
aarch64                      9.4906        6.8393        27.94%
power10                      7.5255        5.5084        26.80%
powerpc                      9.5204        6.98055        26.68%

The performance decrease for i686 is mostly due the use of x87 fpu,
when building with '-msse2 -mfpmath=sse':

                             master        patched   improvement
latency                     140.874        77.1137        45.26%
reciprocal-throughput        64.481        56.4397        12.47%

Signed-off-by: Alexei Sibidanov <sibid@uvic.ca>
Signed-off-by: Paul Zimmermann <Paul.Zimmermann@inria.fr>
Signed-off-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>