bcache: use indirection table for fd

bcache: use indirection table for fd

Add a "device index" (di) for each device, and use this
in the bcache api to the rest of lvm.  This replaces the
file descriptor (fd) in the api.  The rest of lvm uses
new functions bcache_set_fd(), bcache_clear_fd(), and
bcache_change_fd() to control which fd bcache uses for
io to a particular device.

. lvm opens a dev and gets and fd.
  fd = open(dev);

. lvm passes fd to the bcache layer and gets a di
  to use in the bcache api for the dev.
  di = bcache_set_fd(fd);

. lvm uses bcache functions, passing di for the dev.
  bcache_write_bytes(di, ...), etc.

. bcache translates di to fd to do io.

. lvm closes the device and clears the di/fd bcache state.
  close(fd);
  bcache_clear_fd(di);

In the bcache layer, a di-to-fd translation table
(int *_fd_table) is added.  When bcache needs to
perform io on a di, it uses _fd_table[di].

In the following commit, lvm will make use of the new
bcache_change_fd() function to change the fd that
bcache uses for the dev, without dropping cached blocks.