regex: fix heap-use-after-free error

regex: fix heap-use-after-free error

[BZ #18040]
Problem reported by Saito Takaaki <tails.saito@gmail.com> in
https://debbugs.gnu.org/32592
Call stack get_subexp->get_subexp_sub->clean_state_log_if_needed may
call extend_buffers which reallocates the re_string_t internal buffer.
Local variable 'buf' was not updated in such case, resulting in
use-after-free.
* posix/regexec.c (get_subexp): Update 'buf' after call to
get_subexp_sub.