1 # @(#)southamerica 7.42
3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-07-07):
8 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
10 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
12 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
13 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
18 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
19 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
21 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
22 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
23 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
24 # I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
25 # _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
26 # in Europe and South America.
27 # -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
28 # H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
30 # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
31 # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
32 # "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
33 # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
34 # The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
35 # Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
36 # "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
37 # The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
38 # "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
39 # name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
40 # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
41 # Corrections are welcome!
43 # -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
44 # -3:00 BRT BRST Brasilia
45 # -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
48 ###############################################################################
50 ###############################################################################
54 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
55 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
56 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
58 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
59 # ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
61 # From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
62 # I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
63 # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
65 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
66 Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
67 Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
68 Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
69 Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
70 Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
71 Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
72 Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 -
73 Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
74 Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
75 Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
76 Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
77 Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
78 Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
79 Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S
80 Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
81 Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
82 Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
83 Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
84 Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
85 Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
86 Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
87 Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
88 Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
89 Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
90 Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
91 Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
92 Rule Arg 1987 only - Feb 13 0:00 0 -
93 Rule Arg 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
94 Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
96 # From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
97 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
98 # obtaining the data from the:
99 # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
100 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
102 # Shanks stops after 1992-03-01; go with Otero.
103 Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
104 Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
106 # From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
107 # From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
108 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
109 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
111 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
112 # On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
113 # which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
114 # from the International Date Line.
115 Rule Arg 1999 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
116 Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
118 # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
119 # We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
120 # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
121 # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
123 # From Fabian L. Arce Jofre <farcejofre@bigfoot.com> (2000-04-04):
124 # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
125 # de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
126 # in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3.
128 # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
129 # one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
130 # Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
131 # in effect.... The article is at
132 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
133 # ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
134 # 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21. The official publication is at:
135 # http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
136 # Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
139 # the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
140 # Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
141 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
144 # Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
145 # Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
146 # http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
147 # It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
148 # This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
149 # We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
153 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF), Santa Cruz (SC),
154 # Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
155 Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Nov
156 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
158 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
159 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 0:00
160 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00
163 # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
164 # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
165 Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
166 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
168 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
169 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul
170 -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00
171 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00
174 # Cordoba (CB), Santiago del Estero (SE), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL),
175 # Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
176 Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:44 - LMT 1894 Nov
177 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
179 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
180 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
181 -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00
182 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00
186 Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Nov
187 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
189 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
190 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
191 -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6
192 -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 15
193 -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
194 -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00
195 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00
199 Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Nov
200 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
202 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
203 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
205 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1992 Jul
206 -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00
207 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00
211 Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Nov
212 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
214 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
215 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
216 -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15
217 -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1
218 -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
219 -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00
220 -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00
224 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
225 Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
226 -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
231 Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
232 -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
233 -4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
234 -4:00 - BOT # Bolivia Time
238 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
239 # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
240 # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
241 # The rule change lasted only part of the day;
242 # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
243 # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
245 # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
246 # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
247 # Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
248 # Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
249 # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
250 # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
252 # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
253 # Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
254 # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
255 # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
256 # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
257 # 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
258 # along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
259 # (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
260 # UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
261 # UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
262 # become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2
263 # has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West.
264 # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
265 # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
266 # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
267 # information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
268 # Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
269 # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
271 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
272 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
273 # Brazilian official page
276 # From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
277 # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
278 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
279 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
281 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
282 # The official decrees referenced below are taken from
283 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
284 # Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
285 # </a> (1999-10-04, in Portuguese).
286 # The official site for all decrees, including those not related to time, is
287 # <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/principal_ano.htm">
288 # Presidencia da Republica, Subchefia para Assuntos Juridicos, Decretos
289 # </a> (in Portuguese).
291 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
292 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
293 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
294 Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
295 Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
296 Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
297 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
299 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
300 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
301 Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
302 Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
303 Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
304 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
305 Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
306 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
308 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
309 # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
310 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
311 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
312 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
313 Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
314 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
315 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
316 Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
317 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
318 Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
319 Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
320 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
321 Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
322 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
323 Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
324 Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
325 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
327 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
328 Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
329 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
330 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
331 Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
332 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
333 Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
334 Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
335 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
336 Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
337 Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
338 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
339 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
340 Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
341 Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
342 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
343 # with the same exceptions
344 Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
345 Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
346 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
347 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
348 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
349 Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
350 Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
351 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
352 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
353 Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
354 Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
355 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
356 # adopted by same states.
357 Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
358 Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
359 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
360 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
361 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22)
362 # adopted by same states, minus AM.
363 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm">1,636</a> (1995-09-14)
364 # adopted by same states, plus TO.
365 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
367 Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
368 Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
369 Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
370 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
371 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
372 Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
373 Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
374 # From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12):
375 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
376 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
377 # they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
378 # This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
379 # to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
381 # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
382 # <a href="http://churchnet.ucsm.ac.uk/news/files2/news165.htm">
383 # Brazil Prepares for Papal Visit
385 # Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
387 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
388 Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
389 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
391 Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
392 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
393 # adopted by the same states as before.
394 Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
395 Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
396 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
397 # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
398 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
399 # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
400 Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
401 Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
402 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm">3,592</a> (2000-09-06)
403 # adopted by the same states as before.
404 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg">3,630</a> (2000-10-13)
405 # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
406 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17)
407 # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
408 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a>
409 # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
411 # The latest decree listed above says that the following states observe DST:
412 # AL, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT,
413 # PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RN, RS, SC, SE, SP, TO.
415 # For dates after mid-2002, the following rules are guesses
416 # and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
417 Rule Brazil 2000 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
418 Rule Brazil 2001 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423 # Atlantic islands: Fernando de Noronha, Trindade, Martin Vaz,
424 # Atol das Rocas, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
425 Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
426 -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 1990 Sep 17
429 # Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
430 # East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
431 Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
432 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12
435 # Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
437 Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
438 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
439 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
440 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22
441 -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
444 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
445 Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914
446 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
447 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
448 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 15
449 -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
453 Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
454 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
455 -3:00 - BRT 1995 Sep 14
458 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
459 Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
460 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
461 -3:00 - BRT 1995 Oct 13
462 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Sep 4
463 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
464 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22
465 -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
468 # Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
469 # Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
470 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
471 Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
472 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
476 # Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
477 Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
480 # west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
481 # West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
482 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
483 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
487 Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914
488 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
489 -4:00 - AMT 1999 Sep 30
490 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2000 Oct 15
493 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
494 Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
495 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
496 -4:00 - AMT 1993 Sep 28
497 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1994 Sep 22
500 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
501 # Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
502 Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914
503 -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
504 -5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28
505 -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1994 Sep 22
509 Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
510 -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
516 # From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
517 # The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
518 # of October.... The law is the same for March and October.
520 # Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
521 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
522 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
524 # From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
525 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
526 # on April 3, (one-time change).
528 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-04):
529 # I came across another article in "La Tercera" about Chilean DST.
530 # <http://www.tercera.cl/diario/2000/10/13/t-extras.html>
531 # It clearly confirms my earlier suggestion, that DST begins at 22:00
532 # on Easter Island.... But it also seems to be saying that the
533 # observance of DST in Chile began in 1966, rather than 1969 as
534 # ... [Shanks] has it....
538 # "The Chilean Army has announced that summer time will begin tomorrow,
539 # Saturday, October 14 in continental Chile, insular Chile, and
540 # Antarctica, as provided by Supreme Decree 25 of January 11, 1966.
541 # By the preceding, official time in continental Chile and Chilean
542 # Antarctic, and official time in Western Insular Chile, which applies
543 # to Easter Island and Sala y Gomez Island, will be set forward at
544 # midnight and at 22:00, respectively, by 20 minutes."
546 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
547 # Go with this article in preference to Shanks's 1969 date for modern DST.
548 # Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands.
550 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
551 Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
552 Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 -
553 Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
554 Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
555 Rule Chile 1966 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
556 Rule Chile 1967 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
557 Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
558 Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
559 Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
560 Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
561 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
562 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
564 Zone America/Santiago -4:42:40 - LMT 1890
565 -4:42:40 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
566 -5:00 Chile CL%sT 1932 Sep # Chile Time
568 Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890 # Mataveri
569 -7:17:28 - MMT 1932 Sep # Mataveri Mean Time
570 -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
573 # Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
574 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
575 # San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
578 # Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
579 # as it seems implausible to change clocks at midnight New Year's Eve.
580 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
581 Rule CO 1992 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
582 Rule CO 1992 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
583 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
584 Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
585 -4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
586 -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
587 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
588 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
591 # Shanks says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
592 # standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
593 # used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
594 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
595 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
596 Zone America/Curacao -4:35:44 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
597 -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
601 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
602 Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
603 -5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
604 -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
605 Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
607 -6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
611 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
612 # Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks and the IATA agree except
613 # the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks.
615 # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
616 # via Jesper Norgaard:
617 # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
618 # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
619 # September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
620 # am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
621 # Sunday 1 September.
623 # From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
625 # I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
626 # time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998. Here is
627 # what was said then:
629 # "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
630 # did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
631 # started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
632 # There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
633 # personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
634 # uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
635 # it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
636 # and started again on September 12/13th. I do not know what the rule
637 # is, but can find out if you like. We do not change at the same time
640 # I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
641 # 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00". I think that this does
642 # not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
644 # Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
645 # Falklands do not use DST. I have found in my communications there
646 # that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
647 # West Falkland. Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
648 # DST. Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
649 # it. West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
651 # I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
652 # which doesn't each year. She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
653 # the list changes each year. She uses it to communicate to her
654 # customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
656 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
657 # For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
660 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
661 Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
662 Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
663 Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
664 Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
665 Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
666 Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
667 Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 -
668 Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S
669 Rule Falk 1985 2000 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
670 Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
671 Rule Falk 2001 max - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
672 Rule Falk 2001 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
673 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674 Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
675 -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
676 -4:00 Falk FK%sT 1983 May # Falkland Is Time
677 -3:00 Falk FK%sT 1985 Sep 15
681 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
682 Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
683 -4:00 - GFT 1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
687 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
688 Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
689 -3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
690 -3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
692 # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch.
696 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
697 # Shanks (1999) says that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
698 # and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with earlier
699 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
700 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
701 Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
702 Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
703 Rule Para 1979 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
704 Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S
705 Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
706 Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
707 Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
708 Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S
709 Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
710 Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
711 Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
712 Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
713 # IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
714 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
715 # I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
718 # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
719 # <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm">
720 # Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
722 # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
723 # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
724 # system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
725 # decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently. Every
726 # year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
727 # clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
729 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-03-06) [an official URL saying similar things]:
730 # http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.900592
732 Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
733 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
734 Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
735 # Shanks says 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
736 # (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
737 Rule Para 1998 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
739 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
740 Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
741 -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
742 -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
747 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
748 Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
749 Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
750 Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
751 Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 -
752 Rule Peru 1987 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
753 Rule Peru 1987 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
754 Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
755 Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
756 # IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks.
757 Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
758 Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
759 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
760 Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
761 -5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
762 -5:00 Peru PE%sT # Peru Time
765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
767 -2:00 - GST # South Georgia Time
770 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
773 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
774 Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
775 -3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
776 -3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
777 -3:30 - NEGT 1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
778 -3:30 - SRT 1984 Oct # Suriname Time
781 # Trinidad and Tobago
782 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
783 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
787 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
788 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
790 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
791 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
792 Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HS
793 Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
794 Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HS
795 Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
796 # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
797 Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 -
798 Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HS
799 Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 -
800 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
801 Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
802 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
803 # and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
804 Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
805 Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0:30 HS
806 Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
807 Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
808 Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 S
809 Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 -
810 Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 S
811 Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 -
812 Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
813 Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 -
814 Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
815 Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HS
816 Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 -
817 Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 S
818 Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 -
819 Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HS
820 Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 S
821 Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
822 Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 S
823 Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
824 Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
825 Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
826 Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
827 Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
828 Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S
829 Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 -
830 Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S
831 # Shanks says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
832 # and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA.
833 Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
834 Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S
835 Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S
836 Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
837 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
838 Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
839 -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
840 -3:30 Uruguay UY%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
844 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
845 Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
846 -4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
847 -4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time
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