2 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
4 # Notes are at the end of this file
6 ###############################################################################
10 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
12 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
13 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
14 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
15 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
16 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
17 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
18 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
19 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
20 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
22 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
24 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
28 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
39 # From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
40 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
41 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
42 # Queensland ceased to.
44 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
45 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
46 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
47 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
50 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
51 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
52 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
53 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
54 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
55 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
56 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
57 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
60 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
66 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
67 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
69 Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
71 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
76 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
80 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
86 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
87 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
88 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
90 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
91 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
93 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
96 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
97 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
98 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
99 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
100 Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
102 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
103 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
104 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
105 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
106 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
111 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
112 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
114 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
117 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
118 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
119 Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
120 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
121 Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
128 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
129 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
130 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
131 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
132 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
133 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
134 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
135 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
136 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
137 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
138 Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
139 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
140 Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
145 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
146 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
153 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
154 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
155 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
156 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
157 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:30s 0 -
158 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:30s 0:30 -
159 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
160 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:30s 0 -
161 Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:30s 0 -
162 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
163 Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
164 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
168 # Australian miscellany
170 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
171 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
172 # like Australia/Perth, says Turner
175 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
179 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
180 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
181 # like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
184 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
185 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
186 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
191 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
192 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
193 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
194 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
195 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
196 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
201 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
202 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
205 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
206 Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
207 Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
208 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
209 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
210 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
213 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
214 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
215 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
216 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
217 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
218 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
219 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
220 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
224 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
225 Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
229 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
230 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
231 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
232 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
233 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
236 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
237 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
242 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
243 Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
244 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
250 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
252 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
254 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
260 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
262 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
263 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
264 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
265 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
266 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
267 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
272 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
273 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
274 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
275 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
280 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
281 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
282 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
283 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
284 # Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
285 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
291 ###############################################################################
295 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
296 # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
297 # 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
298 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
299 Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
300 Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
301 Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
302 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
303 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
304 # Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
305 # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
306 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
307 Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
308 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
309 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
310 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
311 Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
312 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
313 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
314 Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
315 Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
316 Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
317 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
318 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
319 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
321 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
325 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
326 # and scientific personnel have wintered
329 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
330 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
331 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
332 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
334 ###############################################################################
338 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
339 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
340 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
341 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
345 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
346 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
347 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
348 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
351 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
353 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
358 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
359 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
363 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
364 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
365 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
368 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
370 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
371 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
372 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
373 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
376 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
378 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
379 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
382 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
385 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
388 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
389 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
390 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
393 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
394 Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
395 Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 -
396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
398 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
405 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
408 # US minor outlying islands
411 # uninhabited since World War II
412 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
415 # uninhabited since 1958
416 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
420 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
426 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
427 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
428 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
429 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
432 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
435 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
436 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
437 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
441 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
442 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
443 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
444 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
445 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
446 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
447 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
448 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
450 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
454 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
455 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
457 ###############################################################################
461 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
462 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
463 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
465 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
466 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
467 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
468 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
470 # Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
471 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
472 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
473 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
474 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
476 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
477 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
479 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
480 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
481 # I found in the UCLA library.
483 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
484 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
486 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
487 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
488 # Corrections are welcome!
490 # LMT Local Mean Time
491 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
493 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
494 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
496 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
497 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
498 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
501 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
503 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
504 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
506 ###############################################################################
510 # <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
511 # Australia's Daylight Saving Times
512 # </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
514 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
515 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
516 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
517 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
518 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
519 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
520 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
521 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
522 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
524 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
525 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
526 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
527 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
528 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
529 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
530 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
532 # From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
533 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
534 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
535 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
536 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
538 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
539 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
540 # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
541 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
542 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
543 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
544 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
546 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
548 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
549 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
550 # relevant entries in this database.
552 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
553 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
554 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
557 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
558 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
561 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
562 # Standard Time Act, 1898
567 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
568 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
570 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
572 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
574 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
575 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
576 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
580 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
581 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
583 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
584 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
585 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
586 # # before reaching parliament.
588 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
590 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
591 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
592 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
593 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
595 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
596 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
597 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
599 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
600 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
601 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
603 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
606 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
607 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
608 # it matches what was used in the past.
610 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
611 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
612 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
613 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
616 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
617 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
620 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
622 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
623 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
624 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
625 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
627 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
628 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
631 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
632 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
633 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
634 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
636 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
637 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
638 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
641 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
642 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
643 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
645 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
646 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
649 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
650 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
652 # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
654 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
655 # The rules from version 7.1 follow.
656 # There are lots of differences between these rules and
657 # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
658 # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
659 # current DST ending dates, no worries.
661 # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
662 # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
663 # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
664 # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
665 # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
666 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
667 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
668 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
669 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
672 # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
673 # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
674 # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
675 # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
676 # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
677 # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
678 # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
682 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
683 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
684 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
685 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
687 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
688 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
691 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
693 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
694 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
695 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
696 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
698 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
699 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
700 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
701 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
703 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
704 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
705 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
706 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
709 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
710 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
711 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
712 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
714 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
715 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
716 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
717 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
719 # From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
720 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
721 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
722 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
726 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
727 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
728 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
731 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
732 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
733 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
734 # (but nothing new about that).
736 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
737 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
738 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
739 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
740 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
741 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
743 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
744 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
748 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
749 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
750 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
755 # From Arthur David Olson:
756 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
757 # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
759 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
760 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
761 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
762 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
763 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
764 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
766 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
767 # The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
768 # <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
770 # </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
771 # The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
772 # publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
773 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
774 # Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
777 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
778 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
779 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
780 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
781 # Two months more daylight saving
783 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
785 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
786 # See the following official NSW source:
787 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
788 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
791 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
792 # daylight saving next year. See:
793 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
794 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
795 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
797 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
798 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
799 # Vic to extend daylight saving
802 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
803 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
804 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
807 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
808 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
809 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
810 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
811 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
812 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
813 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
814 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
815 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
817 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
818 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
819 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
822 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
823 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
824 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
826 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
827 # Twin Towns Services Club (in Tweed Heads, near the Queensland border)
828 # will maintain Queensland time. The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie
829 # is encouraging northern NSW towns to use Queensland time.
833 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
834 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
836 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
837 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
840 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
841 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
842 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
843 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
844 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
845 # # presently available.
846 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
848 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
849 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
850 # [followed by other Rules]
854 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
855 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
857 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
858 # hour ahead of NSW time.
860 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
861 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
862 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
863 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
864 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
865 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
866 # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
867 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
868 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
869 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
871 # From Jesper Norgaard <jnorgard@Prodigy.net.mx> (2000-09-04):
872 # James Lonergan said that the island always tries to stay in sync
873 # with the rest of NSW at all time except for the fact that they stay
874 # ahead half an hour when DST is not observed. If this is interpreted
875 # literally, they should change clocks at the exact moment that
876 # e.g. Canberra changes from normal to daylight saving and vice versa.
878 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
879 # For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter,
880 # However, as per Norgaard we modify Shanks by assuming 02:30s switchover
883 ###############################################################################
887 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
888 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
889 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
890 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
891 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
893 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
894 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
895 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
896 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
899 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
900 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
901 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
902 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
904 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
905 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
907 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
908 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
909 # rather than the October 1 value.
911 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
912 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
913 # Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
914 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
915 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
916 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
918 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
919 # Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
920 # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
921 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
922 # Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
924 ###############################################################################
929 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
930 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
931 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
933 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
934 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
935 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
936 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
938 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
939 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
941 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
942 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
943 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
944 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
945 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
951 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
956 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
957 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
958 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
959 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
964 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
965 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
966 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
967 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
968 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
973 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
974 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
975 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
976 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
981 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
982 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
983 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
985 # Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
986 # ignore this for now.
988 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
989 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
990 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
991 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
993 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
994 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
999 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1000 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1001 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1003 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1004 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1005 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1007 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1008 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1009 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1011 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1012 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1015 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1016 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1017 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1018 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1023 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1024 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1025 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1026 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1027 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1032 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1033 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1034 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1035 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1037 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1038 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1039 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1042 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1043 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1044 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1045 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1046 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1047 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1049 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1050 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1051 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1053 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1054 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1055 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1056 # minutes we have lost?"
1058 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1059 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1060 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1062 # From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
1063 # Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1065 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1066 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1067 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1068 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1069 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1072 # From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
1073 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1075 # I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
1076 # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1077 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1080 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1081 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1082 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1083 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1085 # From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
1086 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
1087 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1089 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1090 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1091 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1092 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1093 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1094 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1096 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1097 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1098 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1101 ###############################################################################
1103 # The International Date Line
1105 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1107 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1108 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1109 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1110 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1112 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1113 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1114 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1115 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1116 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1117 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1118 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
1120 # An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
1121 # legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
1122 # the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is
1123 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1124 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1125 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1126 # correct date is ambiguous.
git://sourceware.org / glibc.git / blob