Merge commit 'origin/master'

[systemtap.git] / elaborate.cxx

// elaboration functions
// Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Red Hat Inc.
// Copyright (C) 2008 Intel Corporation
//
// This file is part of systemtap, and is free software.  You can
// redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
// Public License (GPL); either version 2, or (at your option) any
// later version.

#include "config.h"
#include "elaborate.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "tapsets.h"
#include "session.h"
#include "util.h"

extern "C" {
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
}

#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <map>
#include <cassert>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>


using namespace std;


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Used in probe_point condition construction.  Either argument may be
// NULL; if both, return NULL too.  Resulting expression is a deep
// copy for symbol resolution purposes.
expression* add_condition (expression* a, expression* b)
{
  if (!a && !b) return 0;
  if (! a) return deep_copy_visitor::deep_copy(b);
  if (! b) return deep_copy_visitor::deep_copy(a);
  logical_and_expr la;
  la.op = "&&";
  la.left = a;
  la.right = b;
  la.tok = a->tok; // or could be b->tok
  return deep_copy_visitor::deep_copy(& la);
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------



derived_probe::derived_probe (probe *p):
  base (p), sdt_semaphore_addr(0)
{
  assert (p);
  this->locations = p->locations;
  this->tok = p->tok;
  this->privileged = p->privileged;
  this->body = deep_copy_visitor::deep_copy(p->body);
}


derived_probe::derived_probe (probe *p, probe_point *l):
  base (p), sdt_semaphore_addr(0)
{
  assert (p);
  this->tok = p->tok;
  this->privileged = p->privileged;
  this->body = deep_copy_visitor::deep_copy(p->body);

  assert (l);
  this->locations.push_back (l);
}


void
derived_probe::printsig (ostream& o) const
{
  probe::printsig (o);
  printsig_nested (o);
}

void
derived_probe::printsig_nested (ostream& o) const
{
  // We'd like to enclose the probe derivation chain in a /* */
  // comment delimiter.  But just printing /* base->printsig() */ is
  // not enough, since base might itself be a derived_probe.  So we,
  // er, "cleverly" encode our nesting state as a formatting flag for
  // the ostream.
  ios::fmtflags f = o.flags (ios::internal);
  if (f & ios::internal)
    {
      // already nested
      o << " <- ";
      base->printsig (o);
    }
  else
    {
      // outermost nesting
      o << " /* <- ";
      base->printsig (o);
      o << " */";
    }
  // restore flags
  (void) o.flags (f);
}


void
derived_probe::collect_derivation_chain (std::vector<probe*> &probes_list)
{
  probes_list.push_back(this);
  base->collect_derivation_chain(probes_list);
}


probe_point*
derived_probe::sole_location () const
{
  if (locations.size() == 0)
    throw semantic_error ("derived_probe with no locations", this->tok);
  else if (locations.size() > 1)
    throw semantic_error ("derived_probe with too many locations", this->tok);
  else
    return locations[0];
}



// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Members of derived_probe_builder

bool
derived_probe_builder::get_param (std::map<std::string, literal*> const & params,
                                  const std::string& key,
                                  std::string& value)
{
  map<string, literal *>::const_iterator i = params.find (key);
  if (i == params.end())
    return false;
  literal_string * ls = dynamic_cast<literal_string *>(i->second);
  if (!ls)
    return false;
  value = ls->value;
  return true;
}


bool
derived_probe_builder::get_param (std::map<std::string, literal*> const & params,
                                  const std::string& key,
                                  int64_t& value)
{
  map<string, literal *>::const_iterator i = params.find (key);
  if (i == params.end())
    return false;
  if (i->second == NULL)
    return false;
  literal_number * ln = dynamic_cast<literal_number *>(i->second);
  if (!ln)
    return false;
  value = ln->value;
  return true;
}


bool
derived_probe_builder::has_null_param (std::map<std::string, literal*> const & params,
                                       const std::string& key)
{
  map<string, literal *>::const_iterator i = params.find(key);
  return (i != params.end() && i->second == NULL);
}



// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Members of match_key.

match_key::match_key(string const & n)
  : name(n),
    have_parameter(false),
    parameter_type(pe_unknown)
{
}

match_key::match_key(probe_point::component const & c)
  : name(c.functor),
    have_parameter(c.arg != NULL),
    parameter_type(c.arg ? c.arg->type : pe_unknown)
{
}

match_key &
match_key::with_number()
{
  have_parameter = true;
  parameter_type = pe_long;
  return *this;
}

match_key &
match_key::with_string()
{
  have_parameter = true;
  parameter_type = pe_string;
  return *this;
}

string
match_key::str() const
{
  if (have_parameter)
    switch (parameter_type)
      {
      case pe_string: return name + "(string)";
      case pe_long: return name + "(number)";
      default: return name + "(...)";
      }
  return name;
}

bool
match_key::operator<(match_key const & other) const
{
  return ((name < other.name)

          || (name == other.name
              && have_parameter < other.have_parameter)

          || (name == other.name
              && have_parameter == other.have_parameter
              && parameter_type < other.parameter_type));
}

static bool
isglob(string const & str)
{
  return(str.find('*') != str.npos);
}

bool
match_key::globmatch(match_key const & other) const
{
  const char *other_str = other.name.c_str();
  const char *name_str = name.c_str();

  return ((fnmatch(name_str, other_str, FNM_NOESCAPE) == 0)
          && have_parameter == other.have_parameter
          && parameter_type == other.parameter_type);
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Members of match_node
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

match_node::match_node()
  : unprivileged_ok (false)
{
}

match_node *
match_node::bind(match_key const & k)
{
  if (k.name == "*")
    throw semantic_error("invalid use of wildcard probe point component");

  map<match_key, match_node *>::const_iterator i = sub.find(k);
  if (i != sub.end())
    return i->second;
  match_node * n = new match_node();
  sub.insert(make_pair(k, n));
  return n;
}

void
match_node::bind(derived_probe_builder * e)
{
  ends.push_back (e);
}

match_node *
match_node::bind(string const & k)
{
  return bind(match_key(k));
}

match_node *
match_node::bind_str(string const & k)
{
  return bind(match_key(k).with_string());
}

match_node *
match_node::bind_num(string const & k)
{
  return bind(match_key(k).with_number());
}

match_node*
match_node::allow_unprivileged (bool b)
{
  unprivileged_ok = b;
  return this;
}

bool
match_node::unprivileged_allowed () const
{
  return unprivileged_ok;
}

void
match_node::find_and_build (systemtap_session& s,
                            probe* p, probe_point *loc, unsigned pos,
                            vector<derived_probe *>& results)
{
  assert (pos <= loc->components.size());
  if (pos == loc->components.size()) // matched all probe point components so far
    {
      if (ends.empty())
        {
          string alternatives;
          for (sub_map_iterator_t i = sub.begin(); i != sub.end(); i++)
            alternatives += string(" ") + i->first.str();

          throw semantic_error (string("probe point truncated at position ") +
                                lex_cast (pos) +
                                " (follow:" + alternatives + ")", loc->tok);
        }

      map<string, literal *> param_map;
      for (unsigned i=0; i<pos; i++)
        param_map[loc->components[i]->functor] = loc->components[i]->arg;
      // maybe 0

      // Are we compiling for unprivileged users?  */
      if (s.unprivileged)
        {
          // Is this probe point ok for unprivileged users?
          if (! unprivileged_allowed ())
            throw semantic_error (string("probe point is not allowed for unprivileged users"));
        }

      // Iterate over all bound builders
      for (unsigned k=0; k<ends.size(); k++) 
        {
          derived_probe_builder *b = ends[k];
          b->build (s, p, loc, param_map, results);
        }
    }
  else if (isglob(loc->components[pos]->functor)) // wildcard?
    {
      match_key match (* loc->components[pos]);

      // Call find_and_build for each possible match.  Ignore errors -
      // unless we don't find any match.
      unsigned int num_results = results.size();
      for (sub_map_iterator_t i = sub.begin(); i != sub.end(); i++)
        {
          const match_key& subkey = i->first;
          match_node* subnode = i->second;

          if (pending_interrupts) break;

          if (match.globmatch(subkey))
            {
              if (s.verbose > 2)
                clog << "wildcard '" << loc->components[pos]->functor
                     << "' matched '" << subkey.name << "'" << endl;

              // When we have a wildcard, we need to create a copy of
              // the probe point.  Then we'll create a copy of the
              // wildcard component, and substitute the non-wildcard
              // functor.
              probe_point *non_wildcard_pp = new probe_point(*loc);
              probe_point::component *non_wildcard_component
                = new probe_point::component(*loc->components[pos]);
              non_wildcard_component->functor = subkey.name;
              non_wildcard_pp->components[pos] = non_wildcard_component;

              // NB: probe conditions are not attached at the wildcard
              // (component/functor) level, but at the overall
              // probe_point level.

              // recurse (with the non-wildcard probe point)
              try
                {
                  subnode->find_and_build (s, p, non_wildcard_pp, pos+1,
                                           results);
                }
              catch (const semantic_error& e)
                {
                  // Ignore semantic_errors while expanding wildcards.
                  // If we get done and nothing was expanded, the code
                  // following the loop will complain.

                  // If this wildcard didn't match, cleanup.
                  delete non_wildcard_pp;
                  delete non_wildcard_component;
                }
            }
        }
      if (! loc->optional && num_results == results.size())
        {
          // We didn't find any wildcard matches (since the size of
          // the result vector didn't change).  Throw an error.
          string alternatives;
          for (sub_map_iterator_t i = sub.begin(); i != sub.end(); i++)
            alternatives += string(" ") + i->first.str();

          throw semantic_error(string("probe point mismatch at position ") +
                               lex_cast (pos) +
                               " (alternatives:" + alternatives + ")" +
                               " didn't find any wildcard matches",
                               loc->tok);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      match_key match (* loc->components[pos]);
      sub_map_iterator_t i = sub.find (match);
      if (i == sub.end()) // no match
        {
          string alternatives;
          for (sub_map_iterator_t i = sub.begin(); i != sub.end(); i++)
            alternatives += string(" ") + i->first.str();

          throw semantic_error (string("probe point mismatch at position ") +
                                lex_cast (pos) +
                                " (alternatives:" + alternatives + ")",
                                loc->tok);
        }

      match_node* subnode = i->second;
      // recurse
      subnode->find_and_build (s, p, loc, pos+1, results);
    }
}


void
match_node::build_no_more (systemtap_session& s)
{
  for (sub_map_iterator_t i = sub.begin(); i != sub.end(); i++)
    i->second->build_no_more (s);
  for (unsigned k=0; k<ends.size(); k++) 
    {
      derived_probe_builder *b = ends[k];
      b->build_no_more (s);
    }
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Alias probes
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct alias_derived_probe: public derived_probe
{
  alias_derived_probe (probe* base, probe_point *l, const probe_alias *a):
    derived_probe (base, l), alias(a) {}

  void upchuck () { throw semantic_error ("inappropriate", this->tok); }

  // Alias probes are immediately expanded to other derived_probe
  // types, and are not themselves emitted or listed in
  // systemtap_session.probes

  void join_group (systemtap_session&) { upchuck (); }

  virtual const probe_alias *get_alias () const { return alias; }

private:
  const probe_alias *alias; // Used to check for recursion
};


struct
alias_expansion_builder
  : public derived_probe_builder
{
  probe_alias * alias;

  alias_expansion_builder(probe_alias * a)
    : alias(a)
  {}

  virtual void build(systemtap_session & sess,
                     probe * use,
                     probe_point * location,
                     std::map<std::string, literal *> const &,
                     vector<derived_probe *> & finished_results)
  {
    // Don't build the alias expansion if infinite recursion is detected.
    if (checkForRecursiveExpansion (use)) {
      stringstream msg;
      msg << "Recursive loop in alias expansion of " << *location  << " at " << location->tok->location;
      // semantic_errors thrown here are ignored.
      sess.print_error (semantic_error (msg.str()));
      return;
    }

    // We're going to build a new probe and wrap it up in an
    // alias_expansion_probe so that the expansion loop recognizes it as
    // such and re-expands its expansion.

    alias_derived_probe * n = new alias_derived_probe (use, location /* soon overwritten */, this->alias);
    n->body = new block();

    // The new probe gets a deep copy of the location list of
    // the alias (with incoming condition joined)
    n->locations.clear();
    for (unsigned i=0; i<alias->locations.size(); i++)
      {
        probe_point *pp = new probe_point(*alias->locations[i]);
        pp->condition = add_condition (pp->condition, location->condition);
        n->locations.push_back(pp);
      }

    // the token location of the alias,
    n->tok = location->tok;

    // and statements representing the concatenation of the alias'
    // body with the use's.
    //
    // NB: locals are *not* copied forward, from either alias or
    // use. The expansion should have its locals re-inferred since
    // there's concatenated code here and we only want one vardecl per
    // resulting variable.

    if (alias->epilogue_style)
      n->body = new block (use->body, alias->body);
    else
      n->body = new block (alias->body, use->body);

    unsigned old_num_results = finished_results.size();
    derive_probes (sess, n, finished_results, location->optional);

    // Check whether we resolved something. If so, put the
    // whole library into the queue if not already there.
    if (finished_results.size() > old_num_results)
      {
        stapfile *f = alias->tok->location.file;
        if (find (sess.files.begin(), sess.files.end(), f)
            == sess.files.end())
          sess.files.push_back (f);
      }
  }

  bool checkForRecursiveExpansion (probe *use)
  {
    // Collect the derivation chain of this probe.
    vector<probe*>derivations;
    use->collect_derivation_chain (derivations);

    // Check all probe points in the alias expansion against the currently-being-expanded probe point
    // of each of the probes in the derivation chain, looking for a match. This
    // indicates infinite recursion.
    // The first element of the derivation chain will be the derived_probe representing 'use', so
    // start the search with the second element.
    assert (derivations.size() > 0);
    assert (derivations[0] == use);
    for (unsigned d = 1; d < derivations.size(); ++d) {
      if (use->get_alias() == derivations[d]->get_alias())
        return true; // recursion detected
    }
    return false;
  }
};


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Pattern matching
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------


// Register all the aliases we've seen in library files, and the user
// file, as patterns.

void
systemtap_session::register_library_aliases()
{
  vector<stapfile*> files(library_files);
  files.push_back(user_file);

  for (unsigned f = 0; f < files.size(); ++f)
    {
      stapfile * file = files[f];
      for (unsigned a = 0; a < file->aliases.size(); ++a)
        {
          probe_alias * alias = file->aliases[a];
          try
            {
              for (unsigned n = 0; n < alias->alias_names.size(); ++n)
                {
                  probe_point * name = alias->alias_names[n];
                  match_node * n = pattern_root;
                  for (unsigned c = 0; c < name->components.size(); ++c)
                    {
                      probe_point::component * comp = name->components[c];
                      // XXX: alias parameters
                      if (comp->arg)
                        throw semantic_error("alias component "
                                             + comp->functor
                                             + " contains illegal parameter");
                      n = n->bind(comp->functor);
                    }
                  n->bind(new alias_expansion_builder(alias));
                }
            }
          catch (const semantic_error& e)
            {
              semantic_error* er = new semantic_error (e); // copy it
              stringstream msg;
              msg << e.msg2;
              msg << " while registering probe alias ";
              alias->printsig(msg);
              er->msg2 = msg.str();
              print_error (* er);
              delete er;
            }
        }
    }
}


static unsigned max_recursion = 100;

struct
recursion_guard
{
  unsigned & i;
  recursion_guard(unsigned & i) : i(i)
    {
      if (i > max_recursion)
        throw semantic_error("recursion limit reached");
      ++i;
    }
  ~recursion_guard()
    {
      --i;
    }
};

// The match-and-expand loop.
void
derive_probes (systemtap_session& s,
               probe *p, vector<derived_probe*>& dps,
               bool optional)
{
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < p->locations.size(); ++i)
    {
      if (pending_interrupts) break;

      probe_point *loc = p->locations[i];

      try
        {
          unsigned num_atbegin = dps.size();

          // Pass down optional flag from e.g. alias reference to each
          // probe_point instance.  We do this by temporarily overriding
          // the probe_point optional flag.  We could instead deep-copy
          // and set a flag on the copy permanently.
          bool old_loc_opt = loc->optional;
          loc->optional = loc->optional || optional;
          try
            {
              s.pattern_root->find_and_build (s, p, loc, 0, dps); // <-- actual derivation!
            }
          catch (const semantic_error& e)
            {
              if (!loc->optional)
                throw semantic_error(e);
              else /* tolerate failure for optional probe */
                continue;
            }

          loc->optional = old_loc_opt;
          unsigned num_atend = dps.size();

          if (! (loc->optional||optional) && // something required, but
              num_atbegin == num_atend) // nothing new derived!
            throw semantic_error ("no match");

          if (loc->sufficient && (num_atend > num_atbegin))
            {
              if (s.verbose > 1)
                {
                  clog << "Probe point ";
                  p->locations[i]->print(clog);
                  clog << " sufficient, skipped";
                  for (unsigned j = i+1; j < p->locations.size(); ++j)
                    {
                      clog << " ";
                      p->locations[j]->print(clog);
                    }
                  clog << endl;
                }
              break; // we need not try to derive for any other locations
            }
        }
      catch (const semantic_error& e)
        {
          // XXX: prefer not to print_error at every nest/unroll level

          semantic_error* er = new semantic_error (e); // copy it
          stringstream msg;
          msg << e.msg2;
          msg << " while resolving probe point " << *loc;
          er->msg2 = msg.str();
          s.print_error (* er);
          delete er;
        }

    }
}



// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Indexable usage checks
//

struct symbol_fetcher
  : public throwing_visitor
{
  symbol *&sym;

  symbol_fetcher (symbol *&sym): sym(sym)
  {}

  void visit_symbol (symbol* e)
  {
    sym = e;
  }

  void visit_target_symbol (target_symbol* e)
  {
    sym = e;
  }

  void visit_arrayindex (arrayindex* e)
  {
    e->base->visit_indexable (this);
  }

  void visit_cast_op (cast_op* e)
  {
    sym = e;
  }

  void throwone (const token* t)
  {
    throw semantic_error ("Expecting symbol or array index expression", t);
  }
};

symbol *
get_symbol_within_expression (expression *e)
{
  symbol *sym = NULL;
  symbol_fetcher fetcher(sym);
  e->visit (&fetcher);
  return sym; // NB: may be null!
}

static symbol *
get_symbol_within_indexable (indexable *ix)
{
  symbol *array = NULL;
  hist_op *hist = NULL;
  classify_indexable(ix, array, hist);
  if (array)
    return array;
  else
    return get_symbol_within_expression (hist->stat);
}

struct mutated_var_collector
  : public traversing_visitor
{
  set<vardecl *> * mutated_vars;

  mutated_var_collector (set<vardecl *> * mm)
    : mutated_vars (mm)
  {}

  void visit_assignment(assignment* e)
  {
    if (e->type == pe_stats && e->op == "<<<")
      {
        vardecl *vd = get_symbol_within_expression (e->left)->referent;
        if (vd)
          mutated_vars->insert (vd);
      }
    traversing_visitor::visit_assignment(e);
  }

  void visit_arrayindex (arrayindex *e)
  {
    if (is_active_lvalue (e))
      {
        symbol *sym;
        if (e->base->is_symbol (sym))
          mutated_vars->insert (sym->referent);
        else
          throw semantic_error("Assignment to read-only histogram bucket", e->tok);
      }
    traversing_visitor::visit_arrayindex (e);
  }
};


struct no_var_mutation_during_iteration_check
  : public traversing_visitor
{
  systemtap_session & session;
  map<functiondecl *,set<vardecl *> *> & function_mutates_vars;
  vector<vardecl *> vars_being_iterated;

  no_var_mutation_during_iteration_check
  (systemtap_session & sess,
   map<functiondecl *,set<vardecl *> *> & fmv)
    : session(sess), function_mutates_vars (fmv)
  {}

  void visit_arrayindex (arrayindex *e)
  {
    if (is_active_lvalue(e))
      {
        vardecl *vd = get_symbol_within_indexable (e->base)->referent;
        if (vd)
          {
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < vars_being_iterated.size(); ++i)
              {
                vardecl *v = vars_being_iterated[i];
                if (v == vd)
                  {
                    string err = ("variable '" + v->name +
                                  "' modified during 'foreach' iteration");
                    session.print_error (semantic_error (err, e->tok));
                  }
              }
          }
      }
    traversing_visitor::visit_arrayindex (e);
  }

  void visit_functioncall (functioncall* e)
  {
    map<functiondecl *,set<vardecl *> *>::const_iterator i
      = function_mutates_vars.find (e->referent);

    if (i != function_mutates_vars.end())
      {
        for (unsigned j = 0; j < vars_being_iterated.size(); ++j)
          {
            vardecl *m = vars_being_iterated[j];
            if (i->second->find (m) != i->second->end())
              {
                string err = ("function call modifies var '" + m->name +
                              "' during 'foreach' iteration");
                session.print_error (semantic_error (err, e->tok));
              }
          }
      }

    traversing_visitor::visit_functioncall (e);
  }

  void visit_foreach_loop(foreach_loop* s)
  {
    vardecl *vd = get_symbol_within_indexable (s->base)->referent;

    if (vd)
      vars_being_iterated.push_back (vd);

    traversing_visitor::visit_foreach_loop (s);

    if (vd)
      vars_being_iterated.pop_back();
  }
};


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct stat_decl_collector
  : public traversing_visitor
{
  systemtap_session & session;

  stat_decl_collector(systemtap_session & sess)
    : session(sess)
  {}

  void visit_stat_op (stat_op* e)
  {
    symbol *sym = get_symbol_within_expression (e->stat);
    if (session.stat_decls.find(sym->name) == session.stat_decls.end())
      session.stat_decls[sym->name] = statistic_decl();
  }

  void visit_assignment (assignment* e)
  {
    if (e->op == "<<<")
      {
        symbol *sym = get_symbol_within_expression (e->left);
        if (session.stat_decls.find(sym->name) == session.stat_decls.end())
          session.stat_decls[sym->name] = statistic_decl();
      }
    else
      traversing_visitor::visit_assignment(e);
  }

  void visit_hist_op (hist_op* e)
  {
    symbol *sym = get_symbol_within_expression (e->stat);
    statistic_decl new_stat;

    if (e->htype == hist_linear)
      {
        new_stat.type = statistic_decl::linear;
        assert (e->params.size() == 3);
        new_stat.linear_low = e->params[0];
        new_stat.linear_high = e->params[1];
        new_stat.linear_step = e->params[2];
      }
    else
      {
        assert (e->htype == hist_log);
        new_stat.type = statistic_decl::logarithmic;
        assert (e->params.size() == 0);
      }

    map<string, statistic_decl>::iterator i = session.stat_decls.find(sym->name);
    if (i == session.stat_decls.end())
      session.stat_decls[sym->name] = new_stat;
    else
      {
        statistic_decl & old_stat = i->second;
        if (!(old_stat == new_stat))
          {
            if (old_stat.type == statistic_decl::none)
              i->second = new_stat;
            else
              {
                // FIXME: Support multiple co-declared histogram types
                semantic_error se("multiple histogram types declared on '" + sym->name + "'",
                                  e->tok);
                session.print_error (se);
              }
          }
      }
  }

};

static int
semantic_pass_stats (systemtap_session & sess)
{
  stat_decl_collector sdc(sess);

  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = sess.functions.begin(); it != sess.functions.end(); it++)
    it->second->body->visit (&sdc);

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < sess.probes.size(); ++i)
    sess.probes[i]->body->visit (&sdc);

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < sess.globals.size(); ++i)
    {
      vardecl *v = sess.globals[i];
      if (v->type == pe_stats)
        {

          if (sess.stat_decls.find(v->name) == sess.stat_decls.end())
            {
              semantic_error se("unable to infer statistic parameters for global '" + v->name + "'");
              sess.print_error (se);
            }
        }
    }

  return sess.num_errors();
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Enforce variable-related invariants: no modification of
// a foreach()-iterated array.
static int
semantic_pass_vars (systemtap_session & sess)
{

  map<functiondecl *, set<vardecl *> *> fmv;
  no_var_mutation_during_iteration_check chk(sess, fmv);

  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = sess.functions.begin(); it != sess.functions.end(); it++)
    {
      functiondecl * fn = it->second;
      if (fn->body)
        {
          set<vardecl *> * m = new set<vardecl *>();
          mutated_var_collector mc (m);
          fn->body->visit (&mc);
          fmv[fn] = m;
        }
    }

  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = sess.functions.begin(); it != sess.functions.end(); it++)
    {
      functiondecl * fn = it->second;
      if (fn->body) fn->body->visit (&chk);
    }

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < sess.probes.size(); ++i)
    {
      if (sess.probes[i]->body)
        sess.probes[i]->body->visit (&chk);
    }

  return sess.num_errors();
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Rewrite probe condition expressions into probe bodies.  Tricky and
// exciting business, this.  This:
//
// probe foo if (g1 || g2) { ... }
// probe bar { ... g1 ++ ... }
//
// becomes:
//
// probe begin(MAX) { if (! (g1 || g2)) %{ disable_probe_foo %} }
// probe foo { if (! (g1 || g2)) next; ... }
// probe bar { ... g1 ++ ...;
//             if (g1 || g2) %{ enable_probe_foo %} else %{ disable_probe_foo %}
//           }
//
// XXX: As a first cut, do only the "inline probe condition" part of the
// transform.

static int
semantic_pass_conditions (systemtap_session & sess)
{
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < sess.probes.size(); ++i)
    {
      derived_probe* p = sess.probes[i];
      expression* e = p->sole_location()->condition;
      if (e)
        {
          varuse_collecting_visitor vut(sess);
          e->visit (& vut);

          if (! vut.written.empty())
            {
              string err = ("probe condition must not modify any variables");
              sess.print_error (semantic_error (err, e->tok));
            }
          else if (vut.embedded_seen)
            {
              sess.print_error (semantic_error ("probe condition must not include impure embedded-C", e->tok));
            }

          // Add the condition expression to the front of the
          // derived_probe body.
          if_statement *ifs = new if_statement ();
          ifs->tok = e->tok;
          ifs->thenblock = new next_statement ();
          ifs->thenblock->tok = e->tok;
          ifs->elseblock = NULL;
          unary_expression *notex = new unary_expression ();
          notex->op = "!";
          notex->tok = e->tok;
          notex->operand = e;
          ifs->condition = notex;
          p->body = new block (ifs, p->body);
        }
    }

  return sess.num_errors();
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------


static int semantic_pass_symbols (systemtap_session&);
static int semantic_pass_optimize1 (systemtap_session&);
static int semantic_pass_optimize2 (systemtap_session&);
static int semantic_pass_types (systemtap_session&);
static int semantic_pass_vars (systemtap_session&);
static int semantic_pass_stats (systemtap_session&);
static int semantic_pass_conditions (systemtap_session&);


// Link up symbols to their declarations.  Set the session's
// files/probes/functions/globals vectors from the transitively
// reached set of stapfiles in s.library_files, starting from
// s.user_file.  Perform automatic tapset inclusion and probe
// alias expansion.
static int
semantic_pass_symbols (systemtap_session& s)
{
  symresolution_info sym (s);

  // NB: s.files can grow during this iteration, so size() can
  // return gradually increasing numbers.
  s.files.push_back (s.user_file);
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < s.files.size(); i++)
    {
      if (pending_interrupts) break;
      stapfile* dome = s.files[i];

      // Pass 1: add globals and functions to systemtap-session master list,
      //         so the find_* functions find them

      for (unsigned i=0; i<dome->globals.size(); i++)
        s.globals.push_back (dome->globals[i]);

      for (unsigned i=0; i<dome->functions.size(); i++)
        s.functions[dome->functions[i]->name] = dome->functions[i];

      for (unsigned i=0; i<dome->embeds.size(); i++)
        s.embeds.push_back (dome->embeds[i]);

      // Pass 2: process functions

      for (unsigned i=0; i<dome->functions.size(); i++)
        {
          if (pending_interrupts) break;
          functiondecl* fd = dome->functions[i];

          try
            {
              for (unsigned j=0; j<s.code_filters.size(); j++)
                s.code_filters[j]->replace (fd->body);

              sym.current_function = fd;
              sym.current_probe = 0;
              fd->body->visit (& sym);
            }
          catch (const semantic_error& e)
            {
              s.print_error (e);
            }
        }

      // Pass 3: derive probes and resolve any further symbols in the
      // derived results.

      for (unsigned i=0; i<dome->probes.size(); i++)
        {
          if (pending_interrupts) break;
          probe* p = dome->probes [i];
          vector<derived_probe*> dps;

          // much magic happens here: probe alias expansion, wildcard
          // matching, low-level derived_probe construction.
          derive_probes (s, p, dps);

          for (unsigned j=0; j<dps.size(); j++)
            {
              if (pending_interrupts) break;
              derived_probe* dp = dps[j];
              s.probes.push_back (dp);
              dp->join_group (s);

              try
                {
                  for (unsigned k=0; k<s.code_filters.size(); k++)
                    s.code_filters[k]->replace (dp->body);

                  sym.current_function = 0;
                  sym.current_probe = dp;
                  dp->body->visit (& sym);

                  // Process the probe-point condition expression.
                  sym.current_function = 0;
                  sym.current_probe = 0;
                  if (dp->sole_location()->condition)
                    dp->sole_location()->condition->visit (& sym);
                }
              catch (const semantic_error& e)
                {
                  s.print_error (e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

  // Inform all derived_probe builders that we're done with
  // all resolution, so it's time to release caches.
  s.pattern_root->build_no_more (s);

  return s.num_errors(); // all those print_error calls
}


// Keep unread global variables for probe end value display.
void add_global_var_display (systemtap_session& s)
{
  // Don't generate synthetic end probes when in listings mode;
  // it would clutter up the list of probe points with "end ...".
  if (s.listing_mode) return;

  varuse_collecting_visitor vut(s);
  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    {
      s.probes[i]->body->visit (& vut);

      if (s.probes[i]->sole_location()->condition)
        s.probes[i]->sole_location()->condition->visit (& vut);
    }

  for (unsigned g=0; g < s.globals.size(); g++)
    {
      vardecl* l = s.globals[g];
      if (vut.read.find (l) != vut.read.end()
          || vut.written.find (l) == vut.written.end())
        continue;

      // Don't generate synthetic end probes for unread globals
      // declared only within tapsets. (RHBZ 468139), but rather
      // only within the end-user script.

      bool tapset_global = false;
      for (size_t m=0; m < s.library_files.size(); m++)
        {
          for (size_t n=0; n < s.library_files[m]->globals.size(); n++)
            {
              if (l->name == s.library_files[m]->globals[n]->name)
                {tapset_global = true; break;}
            }
        }
      if (tapset_global)
        continue;

      print_format* pf = new print_format;
      probe* p = new probe;
      probe_point* pl = new probe_point;
      probe_point::component* c = new probe_point::component("end");
      token* print_tok = new token;
      vector<derived_probe*> dps;
      block *b = new block;

      pl->components.push_back (c);
      p->tok = l->tok;
      p->locations.push_back (pl);
      print_tok->type = tok_identifier;
      print_tok->content = "printf";

      // Create a symbol
      symbol* g_sym = new symbol;
      g_sym->name = l->name;
      g_sym->tok = l->tok;
      g_sym->type = l->type;
      g_sym->referent = l;

      pf->print_to_stream = true;
      pf->print_with_format = true;
      pf->print_with_delim = false;
      pf->print_with_newline = false;
      pf->print_char = false;
      pf->raw_components += l->name;
      pf->tok = print_tok;

      if (l->index_types.size() == 0) // Scalar
        {
          if (l->type == pe_stats)
            pf->raw_components += " @count=%#x @min=%#x @max=%#x @sum=%#x @avg=%#x\\n";
          else if (l->type == pe_string)
            pf->raw_components += "=\"%#s\"\\n";
          else
            pf->raw_components += "=%#x\\n";
          pf->components = print_format::string_to_components(pf->raw_components);
          expr_statement* feb = new expr_statement;
          feb->value = pf;
          feb->tok = print_tok;
          if (l->type == pe_stats)
            {
              struct stat_op* so [5];
              const stat_component_type stypes[] = {sc_count, sc_min, sc_max, sc_sum, sc_average};

              for (unsigned si = 0;
                   si < (sizeof(so)/sizeof(struct stat_op*));
                   si++)
                {
                  so[si]= new stat_op;
                  so[si]->ctype = stypes[si];
                  so[si]->type = pe_long;
                  so[si]->stat = g_sym;
                  so[si]->tok = l->tok;
                  pf->args.push_back(so[si]);
                }
            }
          else
            pf->args.push_back(g_sym);

          /* PR7053: Checking empty aggregate for global variable */
          if (l->type == pe_stats) {
              stat_op *so= new stat_op;
              so->ctype = sc_count;
              so->type = pe_long;
              so->stat = g_sym;
              so->tok = l->tok;
              comparison *be = new comparison;
              be->op = ">";
              be->tok = l->tok;
              be->left = so;
              be->right = new literal_number(0);

              /* Create printf @count=0x0 in else block */
              print_format* pf_0 = new print_format;
              pf_0->print_to_stream = true;
              pf_0->print_with_format = true;
              pf_0->print_with_delim = false;
              pf_0->print_with_newline = false;
              pf_0->print_char = false;
              pf_0->raw_components += l->name;
              pf_0->raw_components += " @count=0x0\\n";
              pf_0->tok = print_tok;
              pf_0->components = print_format::string_to_components(pf_0->raw_components);
              expr_statement* feb_else = new expr_statement;
              feb_else->value = pf_0;
              feb_else->tok = print_tok;
              if_statement *ifs = new if_statement;
              ifs->tok = l->tok;
              ifs->condition = be;
              ifs->thenblock = feb ;
              ifs->elseblock = feb_else;
              b->statements.push_back(ifs);
            }
          else /* other non-stat cases */
            b->statements.push_back(feb);
        }
      else                      // Array
        {
          int idx_count = l->index_types.size();
          symbol* idx_sym[idx_count];
          vardecl* idx_v[idx_count];
          // Create a foreach loop
          foreach_loop* fe = new foreach_loop;
          fe->sort_direction = -1; // imply decreasing sort on value
          fe->sort_column = 0;     // as in   foreach ([a,b,c] in array-) { }
          fe->limit = NULL;

          // Create indices for the foreach loop
          for (int i=0; i < idx_count; i++)
            {
              char *idx_name;
              if (asprintf (&idx_name, "idx%d", i) < 0)
                return;
              idx_sym[i] = new symbol;
              idx_sym[i]->name = idx_name;
              idx_sym[i]->tok = l->tok;
              idx_v[i] = new vardecl;
              idx_v[i]->name = idx_name;
              idx_v[i]->type = l->index_types[i];
              idx_v[i]->tok = l->tok;
              idx_sym[i]->referent = idx_v[i];
              fe->indexes.push_back (idx_sym[i]);
            }

          // Create a printf for the foreach loop
          pf->raw_components += "[";
          for (int i=0; i < idx_count; i++)
            {
              if (i > 0)
                pf->raw_components += ",";
              if (l->index_types[i] == pe_string)
                pf->raw_components += "\"%#s\"";
              else
                pf->raw_components += "%#d";
            }
          pf->raw_components += "]";
          if (l->type == pe_stats)
            pf->raw_components += " @count=%#x @min=%#x @max=%#x @sum=%#x @avg=%#x\\n";
          else if (l->type == pe_string)
            pf->raw_components += "=\"%#s\"\\n";
          else
            pf->raw_components += "=%#x\\n";

          // Create an index for the array
          struct arrayindex* ai = new arrayindex;
          ai->tok = l->tok;
          ai->base = g_sym;

          for (int i=0; i < idx_count; i++)
            {
              ai->indexes.push_back (idx_sym[i]);
              pf->args.push_back(idx_sym[i]);
            }
          if (l->type == pe_stats)
            {
              struct stat_op* so [5];
              const stat_component_type stypes[] = {sc_count, sc_min, sc_max, sc_sum, sc_average};

              ai->type = pe_stats;
              for (unsigned si = 0;
                   si < (sizeof(so)/sizeof(struct stat_op*));
                   si++)
                {
                  so[si]= new stat_op;
                  so[si]->ctype = stypes[si];
                  so[si]->type = pe_long;
                  so[si]->stat = ai;
                  so[si]->tok = l->tok;
                  pf->args.push_back(so[si]);
                }
            }
          else
            pf->args.push_back(ai);

          pf->components = print_format::string_to_components(pf->raw_components);
          expr_statement* feb = new expr_statement;
          feb->value = pf;
          fe->base = g_sym;
          fe->block = (statement*)feb;
          b->statements.push_back(fe);
        }

      // Add created probe
      p->body = b;
      derive_probes (s, p, dps);
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < dps.size(); i++)
        {
          derived_probe* dp = dps[i];
          s.probes.push_back (dp);
          dp->join_group (s);
        }
      // Repopulate symbol and type info
      symresolution_info sym (s);
      sym.current_function = 0;
      sym.current_probe = dps[0];
      dps[0]->body->visit (& sym);

      semantic_pass_types(s);
      // Mark that variable is read
      vut.read.insert (l);
    }
}

int
semantic_pass (systemtap_session& s)
{
  int rc = 0;

  try
    {
      s.register_library_aliases();
      register_standard_tapsets(s);

      if (rc == 0) rc = semantic_pass_symbols (s);
      if (rc == 0) rc = semantic_pass_conditions (s);
      if (rc == 0 && ! s.unoptimized) rc = semantic_pass_optimize1 (s);
      if (rc == 0) rc = semantic_pass_types (s);
      if (rc == 0) add_global_var_display (s);
      if (rc == 0 && ! s.unoptimized) rc = semantic_pass_optimize2 (s);
      if (rc == 0) rc = semantic_pass_vars (s);
      if (rc == 0) rc = semantic_pass_stats (s);

      if (s.num_errors() == 0 && s.probes.size() == 0 && !s.listing_mode)
        throw semantic_error ("no probes found");
    }
  catch (const semantic_error& e)
    {
      s.print_error (e);
      rc ++;
    }

  return rc;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------


systemtap_session::systemtap_session ():
  // NB: pointer members must be manually initialized!
  pattern_root(new match_node),
  user_file (0),
  be_derived_probes(0),
  dwarf_derived_probes(0),
  kprobe_derived_probes(0),
  uprobe_derived_probes(0),
  utrace_derived_probes(0),
  itrace_derived_probes(0),
  task_finder_derived_probes(0),
  timer_derived_probes(0),
  profile_derived_probes(0),
  mark_derived_probes(0),
  tracepoint_derived_probes(0),
  hrtimer_derived_probes(0),
  perfmon_derived_probes(0),
  procfs_derived_probes(0),
  op (0), up (0),
  sym_kprobes_text_start (0),
  sym_kprobes_text_end (0),
  sym_stext (0),
  module_cache (0),
  last_token (0)
{
}


// Print this given token, but abbreviate it if the last one had the
// same file name.
void
systemtap_session::print_token (ostream& o, const token* tok)
{
  assert (tok);

  if (last_token && last_token->location.file == tok->location.file)
    {
      stringstream tmpo;
      tmpo << *tok;
      string ts = tmpo.str();
      // search & replace the file name with nothing
      size_t idx = ts.find (tok->location.file->name);
      if (idx != string::npos)
          ts.replace (idx, tok->location.file->name.size(), "");

      o << ts;
    }
  else
    o << *tok;

  last_token = tok;
}



void
systemtap_session::print_error (const semantic_error& e)
{
  string message_str[2];
  string align_semantic_error ("        ");

  // We generate two messages.  The second one ([1]) is printed
  // without token compression, for purposes of duplicate elimination.
  // This way, the same message that may be generated once with a
  // compressed and once with an uncompressed token still only gets
  // printed once.
  for (int i=0; i<2; i++)
    {
      stringstream message;

      message << "semantic error: " << e.what ();
      if (e.tok1 || e.tok2)
        message << ": ";
      if (e.tok1)
        {
          if (i == 0) print_token (message, e.tok1);
          else message << *e.tok1;
        }
      message << e.msg2;
      if (e.tok2)
        {
          if (i == 0) print_token (message, e.tok2);
          else message << *e.tok2;
        }
      message << endl;
      message_str[i] = message.str();
    }

  // Duplicate elimination
  if (seen_errors.find (message_str[1]) == seen_errors.end())
    {
      seen_errors.insert (message_str[1]);
      cerr << message_str[0];

      if (e.tok1)
        print_error_source (cerr, align_semantic_error, e.tok1);

      if (e.tok2)
        print_error_source (cerr, align_semantic_error, e.tok2);
    }

  if (e.chain)
    print_error (* e.chain);
}

void
systemtap_session::print_error_source (std::ostream& message,
                                       std::string& align, const token* tok)
{
  unsigned i = 0;

  assert (tok);
  if (!tok->location.file)
    //No source to print, silently exit
    return;

  unsigned line = tok->location.line;
  unsigned col = tok->location.column;
  const string &file_contents = tok->location.file->file_contents;

  size_t start_pos = 0, end_pos = 0;
  //Navigate to the appropriate line
  while (i != line && end_pos != std::string::npos)
    {
      start_pos = end_pos;
      end_pos = file_contents.find ('\n', start_pos) + 1;
      i++;
    }
  message << align << "source: " << file_contents.substr (start_pos, end_pos-start_pos-1) << endl;
  message << align << "        ";
  //Navigate to the appropriate column
  for (i=start_pos; i<start_pos+col-1; i++)
    {
      if(isspace(file_contents[i]))
        message << file_contents[i];
      else
        message << ' ';
    }
  message << "^" << endl;
}

void
systemtap_session::print_warning (const string& message_str, const token* tok)
{
  // Duplicate elimination
  string align_warning (" ");
  if (seen_warnings.find (message_str) == seen_warnings.end())
    {
      seen_warnings.insert (message_str);
      clog << "WARNING: " << message_str;
      if (tok) { clog << ": "; print_token (clog, tok); }
      clog << endl;
      if (tok) { print_error_source (clog, align_warning, tok); }
    }
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// semantic processing: symbol resolution


symresolution_info::symresolution_info (systemtap_session& s):
  session (s), current_function (0), current_probe (0)
{
}


void
symresolution_info::visit_block (block* e)
{
  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->statements.size(); i++)
    {
      try
        {
          e->statements[i]->visit (this);
        }
      catch (const semantic_error& e)
        {
          session.print_error (e);
        }
    }
}


void
symresolution_info::visit_foreach_loop (foreach_loop* e)
{
  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->indexes.size(); i++)
    e->indexes[i]->visit (this);

  symbol *array = NULL;
  hist_op *hist = NULL;
  classify_indexable (e->base, array, hist);

  if (array)
    {
      if (!array->referent)
        {
          vardecl* d = find_var (array->name, e->indexes.size ());
          if (d)
            array->referent = d;
          else
            {
              stringstream msg;
              msg << "unresolved arity-" << e->indexes.size()
                  << " global array " << array->name;
              throw semantic_error (msg.str(), e->tok);
            }
        }
    }
  else
    {
      assert (hist);
      hist->visit (this);
    }

  if (e->limit)
    e->limit->visit (this);

  e->block->visit (this);
}


struct
delete_statement_symresolution_info:
  public traversing_visitor
{
  symresolution_info *parent;

  delete_statement_symresolution_info (symresolution_info *p):
    parent(p)
  {}

  void visit_arrayindex (arrayindex* e)
  {
    parent->visit_arrayindex (e);
  }
  void visit_functioncall (functioncall* e)
  {
    parent->visit_functioncall (e);
  }

  void visit_symbol (symbol* e)
  {
    if (e->referent)
      return;

    vardecl* d = parent->find_var (e->name, -1);
    if (d)
      e->referent = d;
    else
      throw semantic_error ("unresolved array in delete statement", e->tok);
  }
};

void
symresolution_info::visit_delete_statement (delete_statement* s)
{
  delete_statement_symresolution_info di (this);
  s->value->visit (&di);
}


void
symresolution_info::visit_symbol (symbol* e)
{
  if (e->referent)
    return;

  vardecl* d = find_var (e->name, 0);
  if (d)
    e->referent = d;
  else
    {
      // new local
      vardecl* v = new vardecl;
      v->name = e->name;
      v->tok = e->tok;
      if (current_function)
        current_function->locals.push_back (v);
      else if (current_probe)
        current_probe->locals.push_back (v);
      else
        // must be probe-condition expression
        throw semantic_error ("probe condition must not reference undeclared global", e->tok);
      e->referent = v;
    }
}


void
symresolution_info::visit_arrayindex (arrayindex* e)
{
  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->indexes.size(); i++)
    e->indexes[i]->visit (this);

  symbol *array = NULL;
  hist_op *hist = NULL;
  classify_indexable(e->base, array, hist);

  if (array)
    {
      if (array->referent)
        return;

      vardecl* d = find_var (array->name, e->indexes.size ());
      if (d)
        array->referent = d;
      else
        {
          // new local
          vardecl* v = new vardecl;
          v->set_arity(e->indexes.size());
          v->name = array->name;
          v->tok = array->tok;
          if (current_function)
            current_function->locals.push_back (v);
          else if (current_probe)
            current_probe->locals.push_back (v);
          else
            // must not happen
            throw semantic_error ("no current probe/function", e->tok);
          array->referent = v;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      assert (hist);
      hist->visit (this);
    }
}


void
symresolution_info::visit_functioncall (functioncall* e)
{
  // XXX: we could relax this, if we're going to examine the
  // vartracking data recursively.  See testsuite/semko/fortytwo.stp.
  if (! (current_function || current_probe))
    {
      // must be probe-condition expression
      throw semantic_error ("probe condition must not reference function", e->tok);
    }

  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->args.size(); i++)
    e->args[i]->visit (this);

  if (e->referent)
    return;

  functiondecl* d = find_function (e->function, e->args.size ());
  if (d)
    e->referent = d;
  else
    {
      stringstream msg;
      msg << "unresolved arity-" << e->args.size()
          << " function";
      throw semantic_error (msg.str(), e->tok);
    }
}


vardecl*
symresolution_info::find_var (const string& name, int arity)
{
  if (current_function || current_probe)
    {
      // search locals
      vector<vardecl*>& locals = (current_function ?
                                  current_function->locals :
                                  current_probe->locals);


      for (unsigned i=0; i<locals.size(); i++)
        if (locals[i]->name == name
            && locals[i]->compatible_arity(arity))
          {
            locals[i]->set_arity (arity);
            return locals[i];
          }
    }

  // search function formal parameters (for scalars)
  if (arity == 0 && current_function)
    for (unsigned i=0; i<current_function->formal_args.size(); i++)
      if (current_function->formal_args[i]->name == name)
        {
          // NB: no need to check arity here: formal args always scalar
          current_function->formal_args[i]->set_arity (0);
          return current_function->formal_args[i];
        }

  // search processed globals
  for (unsigned i=0; i<session.globals.size(); i++)
    if (session.globals[i]->name == name
        && session.globals[i]->compatible_arity(arity))
      {
        session.globals[i]->set_arity (arity);
        return session.globals[i];
      }

  // search library globals
  for (unsigned i=0; i<session.library_files.size(); i++)
    {
      stapfile* f = session.library_files[i];
      for (unsigned j=0; j<f->globals.size(); j++)
        {
          vardecl* g = f->globals[j];
          if (g->name == name && g->compatible_arity (arity))
            {
              g->set_arity (arity);

              // put library into the queue if not already there
              if (find (session.files.begin(), session.files.end(), f)
                  == session.files.end())
                session.files.push_back (f);

              return g;
            }
        }
    }

  return 0;
}


functiondecl*
symresolution_info::find_function (const string& name, unsigned arity)
{
  // the common path
  if (session.functions.find(name) != session.functions.end())
    {
      functiondecl* fd = session.functions[name];
      assert (fd->name == name);
      if (fd->formal_args.size() == arity)
        return fd;
    }

  // search library globals
  for (unsigned i=0; i<session.library_files.size(); i++)
    {
      stapfile* f = session.library_files[i];
      for (unsigned j=0; j<f->functions.size(); j++)
        if (f->functions[j]->name == name &&
            f->functions[j]->formal_args.size() == arity)
          {
            // put library into the queue if not already there
            if (0) // session.verbose_resolution
              cerr << "      function " << name << " "
                   << "is defined from " << f->name << endl;

            if (find (session.files.begin(), session.files.end(), f)
                == session.files.end())
              session.files.push_back (f);
            // else .. print different message?

            return f->functions[j];
          }
    }

  return 0;
}



// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// optimization


// Do away with functiondecls that are never (transitively) called
// from probes.
void semantic_pass_opt1 (systemtap_session& s, bool& relaxed_p)
{
  functioncall_traversing_visitor ftv;
  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    {
      s.probes[i]->body->visit (& ftv);
      if (s.probes[i]->sole_location()->condition)
        s.probes[i]->sole_location()->condition->visit (& ftv);
    }
  vector<functiondecl*> new_unused_functions;
  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = s.functions.begin(); it != s.functions.end(); it++)
    {
      functiondecl* fd = it->second;
      if (ftv.traversed.find(fd) == ftv.traversed.end())
        {
          if (fd->tok->location.file->name == s.user_file->name && // !tapset
              ! s.suppress_warnings)
            s.print_warning ("eliding unused function '" + fd->name + "'", fd->tok);
          else if (s.verbose>2)
            clog << "Eliding unused function " << fd->name
                 << endl;
          // s.functions.erase (it); // NB: can't, since we're already iterating upon it
          new_unused_functions.push_back (fd);
          relaxed_p = false;
        }
    }
  for (unsigned i=0; i<new_unused_functions.size(); i++)
    {
      map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator where = s.functions.find (new_unused_functions[i]->name);
      assert (where != s.functions.end());
      s.functions.erase (where);
      if (s.tapset_compile_coverage)
        s.unused_functions.push_back (new_unused_functions[i]);
    }
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Do away with local & global variables that are never
// written nor read.
void semantic_pass_opt2 (systemtap_session& s, bool& relaxed_p, unsigned iterations)
{
  varuse_collecting_visitor vut(s);

  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    {
      s.probes[i]->body->visit (& vut);

      if (s.probes[i]->sole_location()->condition)
        s.probes[i]->sole_location()->condition->visit (& vut);
    }

  // NB: Since varuse_collecting_visitor also traverses down
  // actually called functions, we don't need to explicitly
  // iterate over them.  Uncalled ones should have been pruned
  // in _opt1 above.
  //
  // for (unsigned i=0; i<s.functions.size(); i++)
  //   s.functions[i]->body->visit (& vut);

  // Now in vut.read/written, we have a mixture of all locals, globals

  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    for (unsigned j=0; j<s.probes[i]->locals.size(); /* see below */)
      {
        vardecl* l = s.probes[i]->locals[j];

        if (vut.read.find (l) == vut.read.end() &&
            vut.written.find (l) == vut.written.end())
          {
            if (l->tok->location.file->name == s.user_file->name && // !tapset
                ! s.suppress_warnings)
              s.print_warning ("eliding unused variable '" + l->name + "'", l->tok);
            else if (s.verbose>2)
              clog << "Eliding unused local variable "
                   << l->name << " in " << s.probes[i]->name << endl;
            if (s.tapset_compile_coverage) {
              s.probes[i]->unused_locals.push_back
                      (s.probes[i]->locals[j]);
            }
            s.probes[i]->locals.erase(s.probes[i]->locals.begin() + j);
            relaxed_p = false;
            // don't increment j
          }
        else
          {
            if (vut.written.find (l) == vut.written.end())
              if (iterations == 0 && ! s.suppress_warnings)
                  {
                    stringstream o;
                    vector<vardecl*>::iterator it;
                    for (it = s.probes[i]->locals.begin(); it != s.probes[i]->locals.end(); it++)
                      if (l->name != (*it)->name)
                        o << " " <<  (*it)->name;
                    for (it = s.globals.begin(); it != s.globals.end(); it++)
                      if (l->name != (*it)->name)
                        o << " " <<  (*it)->name;

                    s.print_warning ("never-assigned local variable '" + l->name + "' " +
                                     (o.str() == "" ? "" : ("(alternatives:" + o.str() + ")")), l->tok);
                  }
            j++;
          }
      }

  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = s.functions.begin(); it != s.functions.end(); it++)
    {
      functiondecl *fd = it->second;
      for (unsigned j=0; j<fd->locals.size(); /* see below */)
        {
          vardecl* l = fd->locals[j];
          if (vut.read.find (l) == vut.read.end() &&
              vut.written.find (l) == vut.written.end())
            {
              if (l->tok->location.file->name == s.user_file->name && // !tapset
                  ! s.suppress_warnings)
                s.print_warning ("eliding unused variable '" + l->name + "'", l->tok);
              else if (s.verbose>2)
                clog << "Eliding unused local variable "
                     << l->name << " in function " << fd->name
                     << endl;
              if (s.tapset_compile_coverage) {
                fd->unused_locals.push_back (fd->locals[j]);
              }
              fd->locals.erase(fd->locals.begin() + j);
              relaxed_p = false;
              // don't increment j
            }
          else
            {
              if (vut.written.find (l) == vut.written.end())
                if (iterations == 0 && ! s.suppress_warnings)
                  {
                    stringstream o;
                    vector<vardecl*>::iterator it;
                    for (it = fd->formal_args.begin() ;
                         it != fd->formal_args.end(); it++)
                      if (l->name != (*it)->name)
                        o << " " << (*it)->name;
                    for (it = fd->locals.begin(); it != fd->locals.end(); it++)
                      if (l->name != (*it)->name)
                        o << " " << (*it)->name;
                    for (it = s.globals.begin(); it != s.globals.end(); it++)
                      if (l->name != (*it)->name)
                        o << " " << (*it)->name;

                    s.print_warning ("never-assigned local variable '" + l->name + "' " +
                                     (o.str() == "" ? "" : ("(alternatives:" + o.str() + ")")), l->tok);
                  }

              j++;
            }
        }
    }
  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.globals.size(); /* see below */)
    {
      vardecl* l = s.globals[i];
      if (vut.read.find (l) == vut.read.end() &&
          vut.written.find (l) == vut.written.end())
        {
          if (l->tok->location.file->name == s.user_file->name && // !tapset
              ! s.suppress_warnings)
            s.print_warning ("eliding unused variable '" + l->name + "'", l->tok);
          else if (s.verbose>2)
            clog << "Eliding unused global variable "
                 << l->name << endl;
          if (s.tapset_compile_coverage) {
            s.unused_globals.push_back(s.globals[i]);
          }
          s.globals.erase(s.globals.begin() + i);
          relaxed_p = false;
          // don't increment i
        }
      else
        {
          if (vut.written.find (l) == vut.written.end() && ! l->init) // no initializer
            if (iterations == 0 && ! s.suppress_warnings)
              {
                stringstream o;
                vector<vardecl*>::iterator it;
                for (it = s.globals.begin(); it != s.globals.end(); it++)
                  if (l->name != (*it)->name)
                    o << " " << (*it)->name;

                s.print_warning ("never-assigned global variable '" + l->name + "' " +
                                 (o.str() == "" ? "" : ("(alternatives:" + o.str() + ")")), l->tok);
              }

          i++;
        }
    }
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct dead_assignment_remover: public update_visitor
{
  systemtap_session& session;
  bool& relaxed_p;
  const varuse_collecting_visitor& vut;

  dead_assignment_remover(systemtap_session& s, bool& r,
                          const varuse_collecting_visitor& v):
    session(s), relaxed_p(r), vut(v) {}

  void visit_assignment (assignment* e);
};


void
dead_assignment_remover::visit_assignment (assignment* e)
{
  replace (e->left);
  replace (e->right);

  symbol* left = get_symbol_within_expression (e->left);
  vardecl* leftvar = left->referent; // NB: may be 0 for unresolved $target
  if (leftvar) // not unresolved $target, so intended sideeffect may be elided
    {
      if (vut.read.find(leftvar) == vut.read.end()) // var never read?
        {
          // NB: Not so fast!  The left side could be an array whose
          // index expressions may have side-effects.  This would be
          // OK if we could replace the array assignment with a
          // statement-expression containing all the index expressions
          // and the rvalue... but we can't.
          // Another possibility is that we have an unread global variable
          // which are kept for probe end value display.

          bool is_global = false;
          vector<vardecl*>::iterator it;
          for (it = session.globals.begin(); it != session.globals.end(); it++)
            if (leftvar->name == (*it)->name)
              {
                is_global = true;
                break;
              }

          varuse_collecting_visitor lvut(session);
          e->left->visit (& lvut);
          if (lvut.side_effect_free () && !is_global) // XXX: use _wrt() once we track focal_vars
            {
              /* PR 1119: NB: This is not necessary here.  A write-only
                 variable will also be elided soon at the next _opt2 iteration.
              if (e->left->tok->location.file == session.user_file->name && // !tapset
                  ! session.suppress_warnings)
                clog << "WARNING: eliding write-only " << *e->left->tok << endl;
              else
              */
              if (session.verbose>2)
                clog << "Eliding assignment to " << leftvar->name
                     << " at " << *e->tok << endl;

              provide (e->right); // goodbye assignment*
              relaxed_p = false;
              return;
            }
        }
    }
  provide (e);
}

// Let's remove assignments to variables that are never read.  We
// rewrite "(foo = expr)" as "(expr)".  This makes foo a candidate to
// be optimized away as an unused variable, and expr a candidate to be
// removed as a side-effect-free statement expression.  Wahoo!
void semantic_pass_opt3 (systemtap_session& s, bool& relaxed_p)
{
  // Recompute the varuse data, which will probably match the opt2
  // copy of the computation, except for those totally unused
  // variables that opt2 removed.
  varuse_collecting_visitor vut(s);
  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    s.probes[i]->body->visit (& vut); // includes reachable functions too

  dead_assignment_remover dar (s, relaxed_p, vut);
  // This instance may be reused for multiple probe/function body trims.

  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    dar.replace (s.probes[i]->body);
  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = s.functions.begin();
       it != s.functions.end(); it++)
    dar.replace (it->second->body);
  // The rewrite operation is performed within the visitor.

  // XXX: we could also zap write-only globals here
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct dead_stmtexpr_remover: public update_visitor
{
  systemtap_session& session;
  bool& relaxed_p;
  set<vardecl*> focal_vars; // vars considered subject to side-effects

  dead_stmtexpr_remover(systemtap_session& s, bool& r):
    session(s), relaxed_p(r) {}

  void visit_block (block *s);
  void visit_null_statement (null_statement *s);
  void visit_if_statement (if_statement* s);
  void visit_foreach_loop (foreach_loop *s);
  void visit_for_loop (for_loop *s);
  // XXX: and other places where stmt_expr's might be nested

  void visit_expr_statement (expr_statement *s);
};


void
dead_stmtexpr_remover::visit_null_statement (null_statement *s)
{
  // easy!
  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Eliding side-effect-free null statement " << *s->tok << endl;
  s = 0;
  provide (s);
}


void
dead_stmtexpr_remover::visit_block (block *s)
{
  vector<statement*> new_stmts;
  for (unsigned i=0; i<s->statements.size(); i++ )
    {
      statement* new_stmt = require (s->statements[i], true);
      if (new_stmt != 0)
        {
          // flatten nested blocks into this one
          block *b = dynamic_cast<block *>(new_stmt);
          if (b)
            {
              if (session.verbose>2)
                clog << "Flattening nested block " << *b->tok << endl;
              new_stmts.insert(new_stmts.end(),
                  b->statements.begin(), b->statements.end());
              relaxed_p = false;
            }
          else
            new_stmts.push_back (new_stmt);
        }
    }
  if (new_stmts.size() == 0)
    {
      if (session.verbose>2)
        clog << "Eliding side-effect-free empty block " << *s->tok << endl;
      s = 0;
    }
  else if (new_stmts.size() == 1)
    {
      if (session.verbose>2)
        clog << "Eliding side-effect-free singleton block " << *s->tok << endl;
      provide (new_stmts[0]);
      return;
    }
  else
    s->statements = new_stmts;
  provide (s);
}

void
dead_stmtexpr_remover::visit_if_statement (if_statement *s)
{
  replace (s->thenblock, true);
  replace (s->elseblock, true);

  if (s->thenblock == 0)
    {
      if (s->elseblock == 0)
        {
          // We may be able to elide this statement, if the condition
          // expression is side-effect-free.
          varuse_collecting_visitor vct(session);
          s->condition->visit(& vct);
          if (vct.side_effect_free ())
            {
              if (session.verbose>2)
                clog << "Eliding side-effect-free if statement "
                     << *s->tok << endl;
              s = 0; // yeah, baby
            }
          else
            {
              // We can still turn it into a simple expr_statement though...
              if (session.verbose>2)
                clog << "Creating simple evaluation from if statement "
                     << *s->tok << endl;
              expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
              es->value = s->condition;
              es->tok = es->value->tok;
              provide (es);
              return;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          // For an else without a then, we can invert the condition logic to
          // avoid having a null statement in the thenblock
          if (session.verbose>2)
            clog << "Inverting the condition of if statement "
                 << *s->tok << endl;
          unary_expression *ue = new unary_expression;
          ue->operand = s->condition;
          ue->tok = ue->operand->tok;
          ue->op = "!";
          s->condition = ue;
          s->thenblock = s->elseblock;
          s->elseblock = 0;
        }
    }
  provide (s);
}

void
dead_stmtexpr_remover::visit_foreach_loop (foreach_loop *s)
{
  replace (s->block, true);

  if (s->block == 0)
    {
      if (session.verbose>2)
        clog << "Eliding side-effect-free foreach statement " << *s->tok << endl;
      s = 0; // yeah, baby
    }
  provide (s);
}

void
dead_stmtexpr_remover::visit_for_loop (for_loop *s)
{
  replace (s->block, true);

  if (s->block == 0)
    {
      // We may be able to elide this statement, if the condition
      // expression is side-effect-free.
      varuse_collecting_visitor vct(session);
      if (s->init) s->init->visit(& vct);
      s->cond->visit(& vct);
      if (s->incr) s->incr->visit(& vct);
      if (vct.side_effect_free ())
        {
          if (session.verbose>2)
            clog << "Eliding side-effect-free for statement " << *s->tok << endl;
          s = 0; // yeah, baby
        }
      else
        {
          // Can't elide this whole statement; put a null in there.
          s->block = new null_statement();
          s->block->tok = s->tok;
        }
    }
  provide (s);
}



void
dead_stmtexpr_remover::visit_expr_statement (expr_statement *s)
{
  // Run a varuse query against the operand expression.  If it has no
  // side-effects, replace the entire statement expression by a null
  // statement with the provide() call.
  //
  // Unlike many other visitors, we do *not* traverse this outermost
  // one into the expression subtrees.  There is no need - no
  // expr_statement nodes will be found there.  (Function bodies
  // need to be visited explicitly by our caller.)
  //
  // NB.  While we don't share nodes in the parse tree, let's not
  // deallocate *s anyway, just in case...

  varuse_collecting_visitor vut(session);
  s->value->visit (& vut);

  if (vut.side_effect_free_wrt (focal_vars))
    {
      /* PR 1119: NB: this message is not a good idea here.  It can
         name some arbitrary RHS expression of an assignment.
      if (s->value->tok->location.file == session.user_file->name && // not tapset
          ! session.suppress_warnings)
        clog << "WARNING: eliding never-assigned " << *s->value->tok << endl;
      else
      */
      if (session.verbose>2)
        clog << "Eliding side-effect-free expression "
             << *s->tok << endl;

      // NB: this 0 pointer is invalid to leave around for any length of
      // time, but the parent parse tree objects above handle it.
      s = 0;
      relaxed_p = false;
    }
  provide (s);
}


void semantic_pass_opt4 (systemtap_session& s, bool& relaxed_p)
{
  // Finally, let's remove some statement-expressions that have no
  // side-effect.  These should be exactly those whose private varuse
  // visitors come back with an empty "written" and "embedded" lists.

  dead_stmtexpr_remover duv (s, relaxed_p);
  // This instance may be reused for multiple probe/function body trims.

  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    {
      if (pending_interrupts) break;

      derived_probe* p = s.probes[i];

      duv.focal_vars.clear ();
      duv.focal_vars.insert (s.globals.begin(),
                             s.globals.end());
      duv.focal_vars.insert (p->locals.begin(),
                             p->locals.end());

      duv.replace (p->body, true);
      if (p->body == 0)
        {
          if (! s.suppress_warnings
              && ! s.timing) // PR10070
            s.print_warning ("side-effect-free probe '" + p->name + "'", p->tok);

          p->body = new null_statement();
          p->body->tok = p->tok;

          // XXX: possible duplicate warnings; see below
        }
    }
  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = s.functions.begin(); it != s.functions.end(); it++)
    {
      if (pending_interrupts) break;

      functiondecl* fn = it->second;
      duv.focal_vars.clear ();
      duv.focal_vars.insert (fn->locals.begin(),
                             fn->locals.end());
      duv.focal_vars.insert (fn->formal_args.begin(),
                             fn->formal_args.end());
      duv.focal_vars.insert (s.globals.begin(),
                             s.globals.end());

      duv.replace (fn->body, true);
      if (fn->body == 0)
        {
          if (! s.suppress_warnings)
            s.print_warning ("side-effect-free function '" + fn->name + "'", fn->tok);

          fn->body = new null_statement();
          fn->body->tok = fn->tok;

          // XXX: the next iteration of the outer optimization loop may
          // take this new null_statement away again, and thus give us a
          // fresh warning.  It would be better if this fixup was performed
          // only after the relaxation iterations.
          // XXX: or else see bug #6469.
        }
    }
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

// The goal of this visitor is to reduce top-level expressions in void context
// into separate statements that evaluate each subcomponent of the expression.
// The dead-statement-remover can later remove some parts if they have no side
// effects.
//
// All expressions must be overridden here so we never visit their subexpressions
// accidentally.  Thus, the only visited expressions should be value of an
// expr_statement.
//
// For an expression to replace its expr_statement with something else, it will
// let the new statement provide(), and then provide(0) for itself.  The
// expr_statement will take this as a sign that it's been replaced.
struct void_statement_reducer: public update_visitor
{
  systemtap_session& session;
  bool& relaxed_p;
  set<vardecl*> focal_vars; // vars considered subject to side-effects

  void_statement_reducer(systemtap_session& s, bool& r):
    session(s), relaxed_p(r) {}

  void visit_expr_statement (expr_statement* s);

  // expressions in conditional / loop controls are definitely a side effect,
  // but still recurse into the child statements
  void visit_if_statement (if_statement* s);
  void visit_for_loop (for_loop* s);
  void visit_foreach_loop (foreach_loop* s);

  // these expressions get rewritten into their statement equivalents
  void visit_logical_or_expr (logical_or_expr* e);
  void visit_logical_and_expr (logical_and_expr* e);
  void visit_ternary_expression (ternary_expression* e);

  // all of these can be reduced into simpler statements
  void visit_binary_expression (binary_expression* e);
  void visit_unary_expression (unary_expression* e);
  void visit_comparison (comparison* e);
  void visit_concatenation (concatenation* e);
  void visit_functioncall (functioncall* e);
  void visit_print_format (print_format* e);
  void visit_target_symbol (target_symbol* e);
  void visit_cast_op (cast_op* e);

  // these are a bit hairy to grok due to the intricacies of indexables and
  // stats, so I'm chickening out and skipping them...
  void visit_array_in (array_in* e) { provide (e); }
  void visit_arrayindex (arrayindex* e) { provide (e); }
  void visit_stat_op (stat_op* e) { provide (e); }
  void visit_hist_op (hist_op* e) { provide (e); }

  // these can't be reduced because they always have an effect
  void visit_return_statement (return_statement* s) { provide (s); }
  void visit_delete_statement (delete_statement* s) { provide (s); }
  void visit_pre_crement (pre_crement* e) { provide (e); }
  void visit_post_crement (post_crement* e) { provide (e); }
  void visit_assignment (assignment* e) { provide (e); }
};


void
void_statement_reducer::visit_expr_statement (expr_statement* s)
{
  replace (s->value, true);

  // if the expression provides 0, that's our signal that a new
  // statement has been provided, so we shouldn't provide this one.
  if (s->value != 0)
    provide(s);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_if_statement (if_statement* s)
{
  // s->condition is never void
  replace (s->thenblock);
  replace (s->elseblock);
  provide (s);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_for_loop (for_loop* s)
{
  // s->init/cond/incr are never void
  replace (s->block);
  provide (s);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_foreach_loop (foreach_loop* s)
{
  // s->indexes/base/limit are never void
  replace (s->block);
  provide (s);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_logical_or_expr (logical_or_expr* e)
{
  // In void context, the evaluation of "a || b" is exactly like
  // "if (!a) b", so let's do that instead.

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Creating if statement from unused logical-or "
         << *e->tok << endl;

  if_statement *is = new if_statement;
  is->tok = e->tok;
  is->elseblock = 0;

  unary_expression *ue = new unary_expression;
  ue->operand = e->left;
  ue->tok = e->tok;
  ue->op = "!";
  is->condition = ue;

  expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
  es->value = e->right;
  es->tok = es->value->tok;
  is->thenblock = es;

  is->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_logical_and_expr (logical_and_expr* e)
{
  // In void context, the evaluation of "a && b" is exactly like
  // "if (a) b", so let's do that instead.

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Creating if statement from unused logical-and "
         << *e->tok << endl;

  if_statement *is = new if_statement;
  is->tok = e->tok;
  is->elseblock = 0;
  is->condition = e->left;

  expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
  es->value = e->right;
  es->tok = es->value->tok;
  is->thenblock = es;

  is->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_ternary_expression (ternary_expression* e)
{
  // In void context, the evaluation of "a ? b : c" is exactly like
  // "if (a) b else c", so let's do that instead.

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Creating if statement from unused ternary expression "
         << *e->tok << endl;

  if_statement *is = new if_statement;
  is->tok = e->tok;
  is->condition = e->cond;

  expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
  es->value = e->truevalue;
  es->tok = es->value->tok;
  is->thenblock = es;

  es = new expr_statement;
  es->value = e->falsevalue;
  es->tok = es->value->tok;
  is->elseblock = es;

  is->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_binary_expression (binary_expression* e)
{
  // When the result of a binary operation isn't needed, it's just as good to
  // evaluate the operands as sequential statements in a block.

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Eliding unused binary " << *e->tok << endl;

  block *b = new block;
  b->tok = e->tok;

  expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
  es->value = e->left;
  es->tok = es->value->tok;
  b->statements.push_back(es);

  es = new expr_statement;
  es->value = e->right;
  es->tok = es->value->tok;
  b->statements.push_back(es);

  b->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_unary_expression (unary_expression* e)
{
  // When the result of a unary operation isn't needed, it's just as good to
  // evaluate the operand directly

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Eliding unused unary " << *e->tok << endl;

  relaxed_p = false;
  e->operand->visit(this);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_comparison (comparison* e)
{
  visit_binary_expression(e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_concatenation (concatenation* e)
{
  visit_binary_expression(e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_functioncall (functioncall* e)
{
  // If a function call is pure and its result ignored, we can elide the call
  // and just evaluate the arguments in sequence

  if (!e->args.size())
    {
      provide (e);
      return;
    }

  varuse_collecting_visitor vut(session);
  vut.traversed.insert (e->referent);
  vut.current_function = e->referent;
  e->referent->body->visit (& vut);
  if (!vut.side_effect_free_wrt (focal_vars))
    {
      provide (e);
      return;
    }

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Eliding side-effect-free function call " << *e->tok << endl;

  block *b = new block;
  b->tok = e->tok;

  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->args.size(); i++ )
    {
      expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
      es->value = e->args[i];
      es->tok = es->value->tok;
      b->statements.push_back(es);
    }

  b->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_print_format (print_format* e)
{
  // When an sprint's return value is ignored, we can simply evaluate the
  // arguments in sequence

  if (e->print_to_stream || !e->args.size())
    {
      provide (e);
      return;
    }

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Eliding unused print " << *e->tok << endl;

  block *b = new block;
  b->tok = e->tok;

  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->args.size(); i++ )
    {
      expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
      es->value = e->args[i];
      es->tok = es->value->tok;
      b->statements.push_back(es);
    }

  b->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_target_symbol (target_symbol* e)
{
  // When target_symbol isn't needed, it's just as good to
  // evaluate any array indexes directly

  block *b = new block;
  b->tok = e->tok;

  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->components.size(); i++ )
    {
      if (e->components[i].type != target_symbol::comp_expression_array_index)
        continue;

      expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
      es->value = e->components[i].expr_index;
      es->tok = es->value->tok;
      b->statements.push_back(es);
    }

  if (b->statements.empty())
    {
      delete b;
      provide (e);
      return;
    }

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Eliding unused target symbol " << *e->tok << endl;

  b->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}

void
void_statement_reducer::visit_cast_op (cast_op* e)
{
  // When the result of a cast operation isn't needed, it's just as good to
  // evaluate the operand and any array indexes directly

  block *b = new block;
  b->tok = e->tok;

  expr_statement *es = new expr_statement;
  es->value = e->operand;
  es->tok = es->value->tok;
  b->statements.push_back(es);

  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->components.size(); i++ )
    {
      if (e->components[i].type != target_symbol::comp_expression_array_index)
        continue;

      es = new expr_statement;
      es->value = e->components[i].expr_index;
      es->tok = es->value->tok;
      b->statements.push_back(es);
    }

  if (session.verbose>2)
    clog << "Eliding unused typecast " << *e->tok << endl;

  b->visit(this);
  relaxed_p = false;
  e = 0;
  provide (e);
}


void semantic_pass_opt5 (systemtap_session& s, bool& relaxed_p)
{
  // Let's simplify statements with unused computed values.

  void_statement_reducer vuv (s, relaxed_p);
  // This instance may be reused for multiple probe/function body trims.

  vuv.focal_vars.insert (s.globals.begin(), s.globals.end());

  for (unsigned i=0; i<s.probes.size(); i++)
    vuv.replace (s.probes[i]->body);
  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = s.functions.begin();
       it != s.functions.end(); it++)
    vuv.replace (it->second->body);
}


struct duplicate_function_remover: public functioncall_traversing_visitor
{
  systemtap_session& s;
  map<functiondecl*, functiondecl*>& duplicate_function_map;

  duplicate_function_remover(systemtap_session& sess,
                             map<functiondecl*, functiondecl*>&dfm):
    s(sess), duplicate_function_map(dfm) {};

  void visit_functioncall (functioncall* e);
};

void
duplicate_function_remover::visit_functioncall (functioncall *e)
{
  functioncall_traversing_visitor::visit_functioncall (e);

  // If the current function call reference points to a function that
  // is a duplicate, replace it.
  if (duplicate_function_map.count(e->referent) != 0)
    {
      if (s.verbose>2)
          clog << "Changing " << e->referent->name
               << " reference to "
               << duplicate_function_map[e->referent]->name
               << " reference\n";
      e->tok = duplicate_function_map[e->referent]->tok;
      e->function = duplicate_function_map[e->referent]->name;
      e->referent = duplicate_function_map[e->referent];
    }
}

static string
get_functionsig (functiondecl* f)
{
  ostringstream s;

  // Get the "name:args body" of the function in s.  We have to
  // include the args since the function 'x1(a, b)' is different than
  // the function 'x2(b, a)' even if the bodies of the two functions
  // are exactly the same.
  f->printsig(s);
  f->body->print(s);

  // printsig puts f->name + ':' on the front.  Remove this
  // (otherwise, functions would never compare equal).
  string str = s.str().erase(0, f->name.size() + 1);

  // Return the function signature.
  return str;
}

void semantic_pass_opt6 (systemtap_session& s, bool& relaxed_p)
{
  // Walk through all the functions, looking for duplicates.
  map<string, functiondecl*> functionsig_map;
  map<functiondecl*, functiondecl*> duplicate_function_map;


  vector<functiondecl*> newly_zapped_functions;
  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = s.functions.begin(); it != s.functions.end(); it++)
    {
      functiondecl *fd = it->second;
      string functionsig = get_functionsig(fd);

      if (functionsig_map.count(functionsig) == 0)
        {
          // This function is unique.  Remember it.
          functionsig_map[functionsig] = fd;
        }
      else
        {
          // This function is a duplicate.
          duplicate_function_map[fd] = functionsig_map[functionsig];
          newly_zapped_functions.push_back (fd);
          relaxed_p = false;
        }
    }
  for (unsigned i=0; i<newly_zapped_functions.size(); i++)
    {
      map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator where = s.functions.find (newly_zapped_functions[i]->name);
      assert (where != s.functions.end());
      s.functions.erase (where);
    }


  // If we have duplicate functions, traverse down the tree, replacing
  // the appropriate function calls.
  // duplicate_function_remover::visit_functioncall() handles the
  // details of replacing the function calls.
  if (duplicate_function_map.size() != 0)
    {
      duplicate_function_remover dfr (s, duplicate_function_map);

      for (unsigned i=0; i < s.probes.size(); i++)
        s.probes[i]->body->visit(&dfr);
    }
}


static int
semantic_pass_optimize1 (systemtap_session& s)
{
  // In this pass, we attempt to rewrite probe/function bodies to
  // eliminate some blatantly unnecessary code.  This is run before
  // type inference, but after symbol resolution and derived_probe
  // creation.  We run an outer "relaxation" loop that repeats the
  // optimizations until none of them find anything to remove.

  int rc = 0;

  bool relaxed_p = false;
  unsigned iterations = 0;
  while (! relaxed_p)
    {
      if (pending_interrupts) break;

      relaxed_p = true; // until proven otherwise

      semantic_pass_opt1 (s, relaxed_p);
      semantic_pass_opt2 (s, relaxed_p, iterations); // produce some warnings only on iteration=0
      semantic_pass_opt3 (s, relaxed_p);
      semantic_pass_opt4 (s, relaxed_p);
      semantic_pass_opt5 (s, relaxed_p);

      iterations ++;
    }

  return rc;
}


static int
semantic_pass_optimize2 (systemtap_session& s)
{
  // This is run after type inference.  We run an outer "relaxation"
  // loop that repeats the optimizations until none of them find
  // anything to remove.

  int rc = 0;

  bool relaxed_p = false;
  while (! relaxed_p)
    {
      if (pending_interrupts) break;
      relaxed_p = true; // until proven otherwise

      semantic_pass_opt6 (s, relaxed_p);
    }

  return rc;
}



// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// type resolution


static int
semantic_pass_types (systemtap_session& s)
{
  int rc = 0;

  // next pass: type inference
  unsigned iterations = 0;
  typeresolution_info ti (s);

  ti.assert_resolvability = false;
  // XXX: maybe convert to exception-based error signalling
  while (1)
    {
      if (pending_interrupts) break;

      iterations ++;
      ti.num_newly_resolved = 0;
      ti.num_still_unresolved = 0;

  for (map<string,functiondecl*>::iterator it = s.functions.begin(); it != s.functions.end(); it++)
        {
          if (pending_interrupts) break;

          functiondecl* fd = it->second;
          ti.current_probe = 0;
          ti.current_function = fd;
          ti.t = pe_unknown;
          fd->body->visit (& ti);
          // NB: we don't have to assert a known type for
          // functions here, to permit a "void" function.
          // The translator phase will omit the "retvalue".
          //
          // if (fd->type == pe_unknown)
          //   ti.unresolved (fd->tok);
        }

      for (unsigned j=0; j<s.probes.size(); j++)
        {
          if (pending_interrupts) break;

          derived_probe* pn = s.probes[j];
          ti.current_function = 0;
          ti.current_probe = pn;
          ti.t = pe_unknown;
          pn->body->visit (& ti);

          probe_point* pp = pn->sole_location();
          if (pp->condition)
            {
              ti.current_function = 0;
              ti.current_probe = 0;
              ti.t = pe_long; // NB: expected type
              pp->condition->visit (& ti);
            }
        }

      for (unsigned j=0; j<s.globals.size(); j++)
        {
          vardecl* gd = s.globals[j];
          if (gd->type == pe_unknown)
            ti.unresolved (gd->tok);
        }

      if (ti.num_newly_resolved == 0) // converged
        {
          if (ti.num_still_unresolved == 0)
            break; // successfully
          else if (! ti.assert_resolvability)
            ti.assert_resolvability = true; // last pass, with error msgs
          else
            { // unsuccessful conclusion
              rc ++;
              break;
            }
        }
    }

  return rc + s.num_errors();
}



typeresolution_info::typeresolution_info (systemtap_session& s):
  session(s), current_function(0), current_probe(0)
{
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_literal_number (literal_number* e)
{
  assert (e->type == pe_long);
  if ((t == e->type) || (t == pe_unknown))
    return;

  mismatch (e->tok, e->type, t);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_literal_string (literal_string* e)
{
  assert (e->type == pe_string);
  if ((t == e->type) || (t == pe_unknown))
    return;

  mismatch (e->tok, e->type, t);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_logical_or_expr (logical_or_expr *e)
{
  visit_binary_expression (e);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_logical_and_expr (logical_and_expr *e)
{
  visit_binary_expression (e);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_comparison (comparison *e)
{
  // NB: result of any comparison is an integer!
  if (t == pe_stats || t == pe_string)
    invalid (e->tok, t);

  t = (e->right->type != pe_unknown) ? e->right->type : pe_unknown;
  e->left->visit (this);
  t = (e->left->type != pe_unknown) ? e->left->type : pe_unknown;
  e->right->visit (this);

  if (e->left->type != pe_unknown &&
      e->right->type != pe_unknown &&
      e->left->type != e->right->type)
    mismatch (e->tok, e->left->type, e->right->type);

  if (e->type == pe_unknown)
    {
      e->type = pe_long;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_concatenation (concatenation *e)
{
  if (t != pe_unknown && t != pe_string)
    invalid (e->tok, t);

  t = pe_string;
  e->left->visit (this);
  t = pe_string;
  e->right->visit (this);

  if (e->type == pe_unknown)
    {
      e->type = pe_string;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_assignment (assignment *e)
{
  if (t == pe_stats)
    invalid (e->tok, t);

  if (e->op == "<<<") // stats aggregation
    {
      if (t == pe_string)
        invalid (e->tok, t);

      t = pe_stats;
      e->left->visit (this);
      t = pe_long;
      e->right->visit (this);
      if (e->type == pe_unknown ||
          e->type == pe_stats)
        {
          e->type = pe_long;
          resolved (e->tok, e->type);
        }
    }

  else if (e->left->type == pe_stats)
    invalid (e->left->tok, e->left->type);

  else if (e->right->type == pe_stats)
    invalid (e->right->tok, e->right->type);

  else if (e->op == "+=" || // numeric only
           e->op == "-=" ||
           e->op == "*=" ||
           e->op == "/=" ||
           e->op == "%=" ||
           e->op == "&=" ||
           e->op == "^=" ||
           e->op == "|=" ||
           e->op == "<<=" ||
           e->op == ">>=" ||
           false)
    {
      visit_binary_expression (e);
    }
  else if (e->op == ".=" || // string only
           false)
    {
      if (t == pe_long || t == pe_stats)
        invalid (e->tok, t);

      t = pe_string;
      e->left->visit (this);
      t = pe_string;
      e->right->visit (this);
      if (e->type == pe_unknown)
        {
          e->type = pe_string;
          resolved (e->tok, e->type);
        }
    }
  else if (e->op == "=") // overloaded = for string & numeric operands
    {
      // logic similar to ternary_expression
      exp_type sub_type = t;

      // Infer types across the l/r values
      if (sub_type == pe_unknown && e->type != pe_unknown)
        sub_type = e->type;

      t = (sub_type != pe_unknown) ? sub_type :
        (e->right->type != pe_unknown) ? e->right->type :
        pe_unknown;
      e->left->visit (this);
      t = (sub_type != pe_unknown) ? sub_type :
        (e->left->type != pe_unknown) ? e->left->type :
        pe_unknown;
      e->right->visit (this);

      if ((sub_type != pe_unknown) && (e->type == pe_unknown))
        {
          e->type = sub_type;
          resolved (e->tok, e->type);
        }
      if ((sub_type == pe_unknown) && (e->left->type != pe_unknown))
        {
          e->type = e->left->type;
          resolved (e->tok, e->type);
        }

      if (e->left->type != pe_unknown &&
          e->right->type != pe_unknown &&
          e->left->type != e->right->type)
        mismatch (e->tok, e->left->type, e->right->type);

    }
  else
    throw semantic_error ("unsupported assignment operator " + e->op);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_binary_expression (binary_expression* e)
{
  if (t == pe_stats || t == pe_string)
    invalid (e->tok, t);

  t = pe_long;
  e->left->visit (this);
  t = pe_long;
  e->right->visit (this);

  if (e->left->type != pe_unknown &&
      e->right->type != pe_unknown &&
      e->left->type != e->right->type)
    mismatch (e->tok, e->left->type, e->right->type);

  if (e->type == pe_unknown)
    {
      e->type = pe_long;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_pre_crement (pre_crement *e)
{
  visit_unary_expression (e);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_post_crement (post_crement *e)
{
  visit_unary_expression (e);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_unary_expression (unary_expression* e)
{
  if (t == pe_stats || t == pe_string)
    invalid (e->tok, t);

  t = pe_long;
  e->operand->visit (this);

  if (e->type == pe_unknown)
    {
      e->type = pe_long;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_ternary_expression (ternary_expression* e)
{
  exp_type sub_type = t;

  t = pe_long;
  e->cond->visit (this);

  // Infer types across the true/false arms of the ternary expression.

  if (sub_type == pe_unknown && e->type != pe_unknown)
    sub_type = e->type;
  t = sub_type;
  e->truevalue->visit (this);
  t = sub_type;
  e->falsevalue->visit (this);

  if ((sub_type == pe_unknown) && (e->type != pe_unknown))
    ; // already resolved
  else if ((sub_type != pe_unknown) && (e->type == pe_unknown))
    {
      e->type = sub_type;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
  else if ((sub_type == pe_unknown) && (e->truevalue->type != pe_unknown))
    {
      e->type = e->truevalue->type;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
  else if ((sub_type == pe_unknown) && (e->falsevalue->type != pe_unknown))
    {
      e->type = e->falsevalue->type;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
  else if (e->type != sub_type)
    mismatch (e->tok, sub_type, e->type);
}


template <class Referrer, class Referent>
void resolve_2types (Referrer* referrer, Referent* referent,
                    typeresolution_info* r, exp_type t, bool accept_unknown = false)
{
  exp_type& re_type = referrer->type;
  const token* re_tok = referrer->tok;
  exp_type& te_type = referent->type;
  const token* te_tok = referent->tok;

  if (t != pe_unknown && re_type == t && re_type == te_type)
    ; // do nothing: all three e->types in agreement
  else if (t == pe_unknown && re_type != pe_unknown && re_type == te_type)
    ; // do nothing: two known e->types in agreement
  else if (re_type != pe_unknown && te_type != pe_unknown && re_type != te_type)
    r->mismatch (re_tok, re_type, te_type);
  else if (re_type != pe_unknown && t != pe_unknown && re_type != t)
    r->mismatch (re_tok, re_type, t);
  else if (te_type != pe_unknown && t != pe_unknown && te_type != t)
    r->mismatch (te_tok, te_type, t);
  else if (re_type == pe_unknown && t != pe_unknown)
    {
      // propagate from upstream
      re_type = t;
      r->resolved (re_tok, re_type);
      // catch re_type/te_type mismatch later
    }
  else if (re_type == pe_unknown && te_type != pe_unknown)
    {
      // propagate from referent
      re_type = te_type;
      r->resolved (re_tok, re_type);
      // catch re_type/t mismatch later
    }
  else if (re_type != pe_unknown && te_type == pe_unknown)
    {
      // propagate to referent
      te_type = re_type;
      r->resolved (te_tok, te_type);
      // catch re_type/t mismatch later
    }
  else if (! accept_unknown)
    r->unresolved (re_tok);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_symbol (symbol* e)
{
  assert (e->referent != 0);
  resolve_2types (e, e->referent, this, t);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_target_symbol (target_symbol* e)
{
  if (!e->probe_context_var.empty())
    return;

  // This occurs only if a target symbol was not resolved over in
  // tapset.cxx land, that error was properly suppressed, and the
  // later unused-expression-elimination pass didn't get rid of it
  // either.  So we have a target symbol that is believed to be of
  // genuine use, yet unresolved by the provider.

  if (session.verbose > 2)
    {
      clog << "Resolution problem with ";
      if (current_function)
        {
          clog << "function " << current_function->name << endl;
          current_function->body->print (clog);
          clog << endl;
        }
      else if (current_probe)
        {
          clog << "probe " << current_probe->name << endl;
          current_probe->body->print (clog);
          clog << endl;
        }
      else
        clog << "other" << endl;
    }

  if (e->saved_conversion_error)
    throw (* (e->saved_conversion_error));
  else
    throw semantic_error("unresolved target-symbol expression", e->tok);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_cast_op (cast_op* e)
{
  // Like target_symbol, a cast_op shouldn't survive this far
  // unless it was not resolved and its value is really needed.
  if (e->saved_conversion_error)
    throw (* (e->saved_conversion_error));
  else
    throw semantic_error("type definition '" + e->type + "' not found", e->tok);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_arrayindex (arrayindex* e)
{

  symbol *array = NULL;
  hist_op *hist = NULL;
  classify_indexable(e->base, array, hist);

  // Every hist_op has type [int]:int, that is to say, every hist_op
  // is a pseudo-one-dimensional integer array type indexed by
  // integers (bucket numbers).

  if (hist)
    {
      if (e->indexes.size() != 1)
        unresolved (e->tok);
      t = pe_long;
      e->indexes[0]->visit (this);
      if (e->indexes[0]->type != pe_long)
        unresolved (e->tok);
      hist->visit (this);
      if (e->type != pe_long)
        {
          e->type = pe_long;
          resolved (e->tok, pe_long);
        }
      return;
    }

  // Now we are left with "normal" map inference and index checking.

  assert (array);
  assert (array->referent != 0);
  resolve_2types (e, array->referent, this, t);

  // now resolve the array indexes

  // if (e->referent->index_types.size() == 0)
  //   // redesignate referent as array
  //   e->referent->set_arity (e->indexes.size ());

  if (e->indexes.size() != array->referent->index_types.size())
    unresolved (e->tok); // symbol resolution should prevent this
  else for (unsigned i=0; i<e->indexes.size(); i++)
    {
      expression* ee = e->indexes[i];
      exp_type& ft = array->referent->index_types [i];
      t = ft;
      ee->visit (this);
      exp_type at = ee->type;

      if ((at == pe_string || at == pe_long) && ft == pe_unknown)
        {
          // propagate to formal type
          ft = at;
          resolved (array->referent->tok, ft);
          // uses array decl as there is no token for "formal type"
        }
      if (at == pe_stats)
        invalid (ee->tok, at);
      if (ft == pe_stats)
        invalid (ee->tok, ft);
      if (at != pe_unknown && ft != pe_unknown && ft != at)
        mismatch (e->tok, at, ft);
      if (at == pe_unknown)
          unresolved (ee->tok);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_functioncall (functioncall* e)
{
  assert (e->referent != 0);

  resolve_2types (e, e->referent, this, t, true); // accept unknown type

  if (e->type == pe_stats)
    invalid (e->tok, e->type);

  // now resolve the function parameters
  if (e->args.size() != e->referent->formal_args.size())
    unresolved (e->tok); // symbol resolution should prevent this
  else for (unsigned i=0; i<e->args.size(); i++)
    {
      expression* ee = e->args[i];
      exp_type& ft = e->referent->formal_args[i]->type;
      const token* fe_tok = e->referent->formal_args[i]->tok;
      t = ft;
      ee->visit (this);
      exp_type at = ee->type;

      if (((at == pe_string) || (at == pe_long)) && ft == pe_unknown)
        {
          // propagate to formal arg
          ft = at;
          resolved (e->referent->formal_args[i]->tok, ft);
        }
      if (at == pe_stats)
        invalid (e->tok, at);
      if (ft == pe_stats)
        invalid (fe_tok, ft);
      if (at != pe_unknown && ft != pe_unknown && ft != at)
        mismatch (e->tok, at, ft);
      if (at == pe_unknown)
        unresolved (e->tok);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_block (block* e)
{
  for (unsigned i=0; i<e->statements.size(); i++)
    {
      try
        {
          t = pe_unknown;
          e->statements[i]->visit (this);
        }
      catch (const semantic_error& e)
        {
          session.print_error (e);
        }
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_embeddedcode (embeddedcode*)
{
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_if_statement (if_statement* e)
{
  t = pe_long;
  e->condition->visit (this);

  t = pe_unknown;
  e->thenblock->visit (this);

  if (e->elseblock)
    {
      t = pe_unknown;
      e->elseblock->visit (this);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_for_loop (for_loop* e)
{
  t = pe_unknown;
  if (e->init) e->init->visit (this);
  t = pe_long;
  e->cond->visit (this);
  t = pe_unknown;
  if (e->incr) e->incr->visit (this);
  t = pe_unknown;
  e->block->visit (this);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_foreach_loop (foreach_loop* e)
{
  // See also visit_arrayindex.
  // This is different in that, being a statement, we can't assign
  // a type to the outer array, only propagate to/from the indexes

  // if (e->referent->index_types.size() == 0)
  //   // redesignate referent as array
  //   e->referent->set_arity (e->indexes.size ());

  symbol *array = NULL;
  hist_op *hist = NULL;
  classify_indexable(e->base, array, hist);

  if (hist)
    {
      if (e->indexes.size() != 1)
        unresolved (e->tok);
      t = pe_long;
      e->indexes[0]->visit (this);
      if (e->indexes[0]->type != pe_long)
        unresolved (e->tok);
      hist->visit (this);
    }
  else
    {
      assert (array);
      if (e->indexes.size() != array->referent->index_types.size())
        unresolved (e->tok); // symbol resolution should prevent this
      else for (unsigned i=0; i<e->indexes.size(); i++)
        {
          expression* ee = e->indexes[i];
          exp_type& ft = array->referent->index_types [i];
          t = ft;
          ee->visit (this);
          exp_type at = ee->type;

          if ((at == pe_string || at == pe_long) && ft == pe_unknown)
            {
              // propagate to formal type
              ft = at;
              resolved (array->referent->tok, ft);
              // uses array decl as there is no token for "formal type"
            }
          if (at == pe_stats)
            invalid (ee->tok, at);
          if (ft == pe_stats)
            invalid (ee->tok, ft);
          if (at != pe_unknown && ft != pe_unknown && ft != at)
            mismatch (e->tok, at, ft);
          if (at == pe_unknown)
            unresolved (ee->tok);
        }
    }

  if (e->limit)
    {
      t = pe_long;
      e->limit->visit (this);
    }

  t = pe_unknown;
  e->block->visit (this);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_null_statement (null_statement*)
{
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_expr_statement (expr_statement* e)
{
  t = pe_unknown;
  e->value->visit (this);
}


struct delete_statement_typeresolution_info:
  public throwing_visitor
{
  typeresolution_info *parent;
  delete_statement_typeresolution_info (typeresolution_info *p):
    throwing_visitor ("invalid operand of delete expression"),
    parent (p)
  {}

  void visit_arrayindex (arrayindex* e)
  {
    parent->visit_arrayindex (e);
  }

  void visit_symbol (symbol* e)
  {
    exp_type ignored = pe_unknown;
    assert (e->referent != 0);
    resolve_2types (e, e->referent, parent, ignored);
  }
};


void
typeresolution_info::visit_delete_statement (delete_statement* e)
{
  delete_statement_typeresolution_info di (this);
  t = pe_unknown;
  e->value->visit (&di);
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_next_statement (next_statement*)
{
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_break_statement (break_statement*)
{
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_continue_statement (continue_statement*)
{
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_array_in (array_in* e)
{
  // all unary operators only work on numerics
  exp_type t1 = t;
  t = pe_unknown; // array value can be anything
  e->operand->visit (this);

  if (t1 == pe_unknown && e->type != pe_unknown)
    ; // already resolved
  else if (t1 == pe_string || t1 == pe_stats)
    mismatch (e->tok, t1, pe_long);
  else if (e->type == pe_unknown)
    {
      e->type = pe_long;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_return_statement (return_statement* e)
{
  // This is like symbol, where the referent is
  // the return value of the function.

  // translation pass will print error
  if (current_function == 0)
    return;

  exp_type& e_type = current_function->type;
  t = current_function->type;
  e->value->visit (this);

  if (e_type != pe_unknown && e->value->type != pe_unknown
      && e_type != e->value->type)
    mismatch (current_function->tok, e_type, e->value->type);
  if (e_type == pe_unknown &&
      (e->value->type == pe_long || e->value->type == pe_string))
    {
      // propagate non-statistics from value
      e_type = e->value->type;
      resolved (current_function->tok, e->value->type);
    }
  if (e->value->type == pe_stats)
    invalid (e->value->tok, e->value->type);
}

void
typeresolution_info::visit_print_format (print_format* e)
{
  size_t unresolved_args = 0;

  if (e->hist)
    {
      e->hist->visit(this);
    }

  else if (e->print_with_format)
    {
      // If there's a format string, we can do both inference *and*
      // checking.

      // First we extract the subsequence of formatting components
      // which are conversions (not just literal string components)

      unsigned expected_num_args = 0;
      std::vector<print_format::format_component> components;
      for (size_t i = 0; i < e->components.size(); ++i)
        {
          if (e->components[i].type == print_format::conv_unspecified)
            throw semantic_error ("Unspecified conversion in print operator format string",
                                  e->tok);
          else if (e->components[i].type == print_format::conv_literal)
            continue;
          components.push_back(e->components[i]);
          ++expected_num_args;
          if (e->components[i].widthtype == print_format::width_dynamic)
            ++expected_num_args;
          if (e->components[i].prectype == print_format::prec_dynamic)
            ++expected_num_args;
        }

      // Then we check that the number of conversions and the number
      // of args agree.

      if (expected_num_args != e->args.size())
        throw semantic_error ("Wrong number of args to formatted print operator",
                              e->tok);

      // Then we check that the types of the conversions match the types
      // of the args.
      unsigned argno = 0;
      for (size_t i = 0; i < components.size(); ++i)
        {
          // Check the dynamic width, if specified
          if (components[i].widthtype == print_format::width_dynamic)
            {
              check_arg_type (pe_long, e->args[argno]);
              ++argno;
            }

          // Check the dynamic precision, if specified
          if (components[i].prectype == print_format::prec_dynamic)
            {
              check_arg_type (pe_long, e->args[argno]);
              ++argno;
            }

          exp_type wanted = pe_unknown;

          switch (components[i].type)
            {
            case print_format::conv_unspecified:
            case print_format::conv_literal:
              assert (false);
              break;

            case print_format::conv_signed_decimal:
            case print_format::conv_unsigned_decimal:
            case print_format::conv_unsigned_octal:
            case print_format::conv_unsigned_ptr:
            case print_format::conv_unsigned_uppercase_hex:
            case print_format::conv_unsigned_lowercase_hex:
            case print_format::conv_binary:
            case print_format::conv_char:
            case print_format::conv_memory:
            case print_format::conv_memory_hex:
              wanted = pe_long;
              break;

            case print_format::conv_string:
              wanted = pe_string;
              break;
            }

          assert (wanted != pe_unknown);
          check_arg_type (wanted, e->args[argno]);
          ++argno;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      // Without a format string, the best we can do is require that
      // each argument resolve to a concrete type.
      for (size_t i = 0; i < e->args.size(); ++i)
        {
          t = pe_unknown;
          e->args[i]->visit (this);
          if (e->args[i]->type == pe_unknown)
            {
              unresolved (e->args[i]->tok);
              ++unresolved_args;
            }
        }
    }

  if (unresolved_args == 0)
    {
      if (e->type == pe_unknown)
        {
          if (e->print_to_stream)
            e->type = pe_long;
          else
            e->type = pe_string;
          resolved (e->tok, e->type);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      e->type = pe_unknown;
      unresolved (e->tok);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::visit_stat_op (stat_op* e)
{
  t = pe_stats;
  e->stat->visit (this);
  if (e->type == pe_unknown)
    {
      e->type = pe_long;
      resolved (e->tok, e->type);
    }
  else if (e->type != pe_long)
    mismatch (e->tok, e->type, pe_long);
}

void
typeresolution_info::visit_hist_op (hist_op* e)
{
  t = pe_stats;
  e->stat->visit (this);
}


void
typeresolution_info::check_arg_type (exp_type wanted, expression* arg)
{
  t = wanted;
  arg->visit (this);

  if (arg->type == pe_unknown)
    {
      arg->type = wanted;
      resolved (arg->tok, wanted);
    }
  else if (arg->type != wanted)
    {
      mismatch (arg->tok, arg->type, wanted);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::unresolved (const token* tok)
{
  num_still_unresolved ++;

  if (assert_resolvability)
    {
      stringstream msg;
      string nm = (current_function ? current_function->name :
                   current_probe ? current_probe->name :
                   "probe condition");
      msg << nm + " with unresolved type";
      session.print_error (semantic_error (msg.str(), tok));
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::invalid (const token* tok, exp_type pe)
{
  num_still_unresolved ++;

  if (assert_resolvability)
    {
      stringstream msg;
      string nm = (current_function ? current_function->name :
                   current_probe ? current_probe->name :
                   "probe condition");
      if (tok && tok->type == tok_operator)
        msg << nm + " uses invalid operator";
      else
        msg << nm + " with invalid type " << pe;
      session.print_error (semantic_error (msg.str(), tok));
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::mismatch (const token* tok, exp_type t1, exp_type t2)
{
  bool tok_resolved = false;
  size_t i;
  semantic_error* err1 = 0;
  num_still_unresolved ++;

  //BZ 9719: for improving type mismatch messages, a semantic error is
  //generated with the token where type was first resolved. All such 
  //resolved tokens, stored in a vector, are matched against their 
  //content. If an error for the matching token hasn't been printed out
  //already, it is and the token pushed in another printed_toks vector

  if (assert_resolvability)
    {
      stringstream msg;
      for (i=0; i<resolved_toks.size(); i++)
        {
          if (resolved_toks[i]->content == tok->content)
            {
              tok_resolved = true;
              break;
            }
        }
      if (!tok_resolved)
        {
          string nm = (current_function ? current_function->name :
                       current_probe ? current_probe->name :
                       "probe condition");
          msg << nm + " with type mismatch (" << t1 << " vs. " << t2 << ")";
        }
      else
        {
          bool tok_printed = false;
          for (size_t j=0; j<printed_toks.size(); j++)
            {
              if (printed_toks[j] == resolved_toks[i])
                {
                  tok_printed = true;
                  break;
                }
            }
          string nm = (current_function ? current_function->name :
                       current_probe ? current_probe->name :
                       "probe condition");
          msg << nm + " with type mismatch (" << t1 << " vs. " << t2 << ")";
          if (!tok_printed)
            {
              //error for possible mismatch in the earlier resolved token
              printed_toks.push_back (resolved_toks[i]);
              stringstream type_msg;
              type_msg << nm + " type first inferred here (" << t2 << ")";
              err1 = new semantic_error (type_msg.str(), resolved_toks[i]);
            }
        }
      semantic_error err (msg.str(), tok);
      err.chain = err1;
      session.print_error (err);
    }
}


void
typeresolution_info::resolved (const token* tok, exp_type)
{
  resolved_toks.push_back (tok);
  num_newly_resolved ++;
}

/* vim: set sw=2 ts=8 cino=>4,n-2,{2,^-2,t0,(0,u0,w1,M1 : */