]>
Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
328c5f65 | 1 | # @(#)australasia 7.63 |
28f540f4 RM |
2 | # This file also includes Pacific islands. |
3 | ||
4 | # Notes are at the end of this file | |
5 | ||
6 | ############################################################################### | |
7 | ||
8 | # Australia | |
9 | ||
10 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
2864e767 | 11 | Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - |
28f540f4 RM |
12 | Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - |
13 | Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - | |
14 | Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - | |
15 | Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - | |
16 | Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - | |
17 | Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - | |
a7123f0e UD |
18 | # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which |
19 | # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that | |
20 | # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. | |
28f540f4 RM |
21 | |
22 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
23 | # Northern Territory | |
24 | Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
1ef32c3d | 25 | 9:00 - CST 1899 May |
28f540f4 RM |
26 | 9:30 Aus CST |
27 | # Western Australia | |
28 | Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec | |
a7123f0e UD |
29 | 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul |
30 | 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
31 | 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s |
32 | 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s | |
33 | 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s | |
34 | 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s | |
35 | 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s | |
28f540f4 RM |
36 | 8:00 - WST |
37 | # Queensland | |
8a523922 UD |
38 | # |
39 | # From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): | |
40 | # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast | |
41 | # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after | |
42 | # Queensland ceased to. | |
43 | # | |
44 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): | |
45 | # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, | |
46 | # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. | |
47 | # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, | |
48 | # so use Lindeman. | |
49 | # | |
50 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
a7123f0e UD |
51 | Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
52 | Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
6bc31da0 UD |
53 | Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
54 | Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
a7123f0e UD |
55 | Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
56 | Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 57 | Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
a7123f0e | 58 | 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
6bc31da0 | 59 | 10:00 AQ EST |
8a523922 | 60 | Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
a7123f0e UD |
61 | 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
62 | 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul | |
8a523922 | 63 | 10:00 Holiday EST |
28f540f4 RM |
64 | |
65 | # South Australia | |
66 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
67 | Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
68 | Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - | |
a7123f0e | 69 | Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
72d8cdf0 RM |
70 | Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - |
71 | Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
72 | Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
3459f702 UD |
73 | Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - |
74 | Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
75 | Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - | |
76 | Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
77 | Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - | |
72d8cdf0 | 78 | Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
28f540f4 RM |
79 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
80 | Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
81 | 9:00 - CST 1899 May | |
a7123f0e | 82 | 9:30 Aus CST 1971 |
28f540f4 RM |
83 | 9:30 AS CST |
84 | ||
85 | # Tasmania | |
86 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
a7123f0e UD |
87 | Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
88 | Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
89 | Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
90 | Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - | |
a7123f0e | 91 | Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
72d8cdf0 RM |
92 | Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
93 | Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
94 | Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
a7123f0e | 95 | Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - |
72d8cdf0 | 96 | Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
a7123f0e UD |
97 | Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - |
98 | Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
2864e767 | 99 | Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
72d8cdf0 | 100 | Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
2864e767 UD |
101 | Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
102 | Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
103 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
104 | Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep | |
2864e767 UD |
105 | 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
106 | 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb | |
a7123f0e | 107 | 10:00 Aus EST 1967 |
28f540f4 RM |
108 | 10:00 AT EST |
109 | ||
110 | # Victoria | |
111 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
72d8cdf0 | 112 | Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
a7123f0e | 113 | Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
72d8cdf0 RM |
114 | Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
115 | Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
a7123f0e UD |
116 | Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - |
117 | Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
118 | Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
119 | Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
38c097ca | 120 | Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
b21c5832 | 121 | Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
28f540f4 RM |
122 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
123 | Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
a7123f0e | 124 | 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
28f540f4 RM |
125 | 10:00 AV EST |
126 | ||
127 | # New South Wales | |
128 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
129 | Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
130 | Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - | |
131 | Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
132 | Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
133 | Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
134 | Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
135 | Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - | |
b21c5832 | 136 | Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
72d8cdf0 RM |
137 | Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
138 | Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
38c097ca | 139 | Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
b21c5832 | 140 | Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
28f540f4 RM |
141 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
142 | Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
a7123f0e | 143 | 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
28f540f4 RM |
144 | 10:00 AN EST |
145 | Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
146 | 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 | |
147 | 9:00 - CST 1899 May | |
a7123f0e UD |
148 | 9:30 Aus CST 1971 |
149 | 9:30 AN CST 2000 | |
150 | 9:30 AS CST | |
28f540f4 | 151 | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
152 | # Lord Howe Island |
153 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
328c5f65 UD |
154 | Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - |
155 | Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - | |
156 | Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
157 | Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - | |
158 | Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - | |
159 | Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
160 | Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - | |
161 | Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - | |
162 | Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
163 | Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
164 | Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
165 | 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar | |
166 | 10:30 LH LHST | |
28f540f4 RM |
167 | |
168 | # Australian miscellany | |
28f540f4 RM |
169 | # |
170 | # Ashmore Is, Cartier | |
72d8cdf0 | 171 | # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
bfaf0bbb | 172 | # like Australia/Perth, says Turner |
28f540f4 | 173 | # |
72d8cdf0 RM |
174 | # Coral Sea Is |
175 | # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists | |
176 | # no information | |
177 | # | |
5929563f UD |
178 | # Macquarie |
179 | # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; | |
b9f1792a | 180 | # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 |
bfaf0bbb | 181 | # like Australia/Hobart, says Turner |
28f540f4 | 182 | |
f962d792 UD |
183 | # Christmas |
184 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
185 | Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb | |
186 | 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time | |
28f540f4 RM |
187 | |
188 | # Cook Is | |
2864e767 | 189 | # From Shanks: |
28f540f4 | 190 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 191 | Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS |
2b79b6d5 UD |
192 | Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
193 | Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS | |
28f540f4 RM |
194 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
195 | Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua | |
569c558c UD |
196 | -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time |
197 | -10:00 Cook CK%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
198 | |
199 | # Cocos | |
200 | # From USNO (1989): | |
201 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
569c558c | 202 | Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time |
28f540f4 RM |
203 | |
204 | # Fiji | |
b21c5832 | 205 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
3d73829c UD |
206 | Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
207 | Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
208 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
209 | Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva | |
b21c5832 | 210 | 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time |
28f540f4 RM |
211 | |
212 | # French Polynesia | |
213 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
214 | Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea | |
569c558c | 215 | -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time |
28f540f4 | 216 | Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct |
569c558c | 217 | -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time |
28f540f4 | 218 | Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete |
569c558c | 219 | -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time |
f962d792 UD |
220 | # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; |
221 | # it is uninhabited. | |
28f540f4 RM |
222 | |
223 | # Guam | |
224 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
225 | Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana | |
328c5f65 UD |
226 | 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam |
227 | 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time | |
28f540f4 | 228 | |
28f540f4 RM |
229 | # Kiribati |
230 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
231 | Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki | |
569c558c | 232 | 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time |
28f540f4 | 233 | Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 |
569c558c UD |
234 | -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time |
235 | -11:00 - PHOT 1995 | |
236 | 13:00 - PHOT | |
28f540f4 | 237 | Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 |
569c558c UD |
238 | -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time |
239 | -10:00 - LINT 1995 | |
240 | 14:00 - LINT | |
28f540f4 | 241 | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
242 | # N Mariana Is |
243 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
244 | Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 | |
569c558c | 245 | 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time |
328c5f65 UD |
246 | 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 |
247 | 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
248 | |
249 | # Marshall Is | |
250 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
251 | Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 | |
569c558c UD |
252 | 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time |
253 | 12:00 - MHT | |
72d8cdf0 | 254 | Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 |
569c558c UD |
255 | 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct |
256 | -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time | |
257 | 12:00 - MHT | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
258 | |
259 | # Micronesia | |
260 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
261 | Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia | |
569c558c UD |
262 | 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time |
263 | 10:00 - YAPT | |
72d8cdf0 | 264 | Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 |
569c558c | 265 | 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time |
72d8cdf0 | 266 | Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia |
569c558c | 267 | 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time |
72d8cdf0 | 268 | Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 |
2864e767 UD |
269 | 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time |
270 | 12:00 - KOST 1999 | |
271 | 11:00 - KOST | |
72d8cdf0 | 272 | |
28f540f4 RM |
273 | # Nauru |
274 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
275 | Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe | |
569c558c | 276 | 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time |
28f540f4 | 277 | 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 |
569c558c UD |
278 | 11:30 - NRT 1979 May |
279 | 12:00 - NRT | |
28f540f4 RM |
280 | |
281 | # New Caledonia | |
282 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c UD |
283 | Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
284 | Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - | |
2b79b6d5 | 285 | Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
2864e767 | 286 | # Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. |
2b79b6d5 | 287 | Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - |
28f540f4 RM |
288 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
289 | Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 | |
290 | 11:00 NC NC%sT | |
291 | ||
292 | ||
293 | ############################################################################### | |
294 | ||
295 | # New Zealand | |
296 | ||
297 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
28f540f4 RM |
298 | # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, |
299 | # 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. | |
72d8cdf0 | 300 | Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD |
28f540f4 | 301 | Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
72d8cdf0 RM |
302 | Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD |
303 | Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD | |
28f540f4 | 304 | Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S |
72d8cdf0 | 305 | Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD |
74015205 | 306 | # Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset |
72d8cdf0 RM |
307 | # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. |
308 | Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S | |
309 | Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD | |
28f540f4 RM |
310 | Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D |
311 | Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D | |
312 | Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D | |
313 | Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D | |
314 | Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S | |
315 | Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S | |
316 | Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S | |
8a523922 UD |
317 | Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
318 | Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
319 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
320 | Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 | |
72d8cdf0 | 321 | 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 |
28f540f4 | 322 | 12:00 NZ NZ%sT |
8a523922 | 323 | Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
324 | |
325 | ||
5929563f | 326 | # Auckland Is |
b9f1792a AS |
327 | # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, |
328 | # and scientific personnel have wintered | |
5929563f UD |
329 | |
330 | # Campbell I | |
b9f1792a AS |
331 | # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 |
332 | # scientific station operated 1941/1995; | |
333 | # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered | |
5929563f | 334 | # was probably like Pacific/Auckland |
28f540f4 RM |
335 | |
336 | ############################################################################### | |
337 | ||
338 | ||
339 | # Niue | |
340 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
341 | Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi | |
569c558c UD |
342 | -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time |
343 | -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 | |
344 | -11:00 - NUT | |
28f540f4 RM |
345 | |
346 | # Norfolk | |
347 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
348 | Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston | |
569c558c UD |
349 | 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time |
350 | 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time | |
28f540f4 | 351 | |
0af4c646 | 352 | # Palau (Belau) |
28f540f4 RM |
353 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
354 | Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror | |
569c558c | 355 | 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time |
28f540f4 | 356 | |
28f540f4 RM |
357 | # Papua New Guinea |
358 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
359 | Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
360 | 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
361 | 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time | |
28f540f4 RM |
362 | |
363 | # Pitcairn | |
364 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
365 | Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown | |
e48492ae UD |
366 | -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 |
367 | -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time | |
28f540f4 | 368 | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
369 | # American Samoa |
370 | Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 | |
371 | -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 | |
569c558c | 372 | -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time |
72d8cdf0 RM |
373 | -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome |
374 | -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering | |
375 | -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa | |
376 | ||
377 | # W Samoa | |
378 | Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 | |
379 | -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 | |
569c558c UD |
380 | -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time |
381 | -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time | |
72d8cdf0 | 382 | |
28f540f4 RM |
383 | # Solomon Is |
384 | # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea | |
385 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
386 | Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara | |
569c558c | 387 | 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time |
28f540f4 RM |
388 | |
389 | # Tokelau Is | |
390 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
391 | Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 | |
569c558c | 392 | -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time |
28f540f4 RM |
393 | |
394 | # Tonga | |
a7123f0e | 395 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
3d73829c UD |
396 | Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S |
397 | Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - | |
398 | Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S | |
399 | Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
400 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
401 | Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 | |
38c097ca | 402 | 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time |
a7123f0e UD |
403 | 13:00 - TOT 1999 |
404 | 13:00 Tonga TO%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
405 | |
406 | # Tuvalu | |
407 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
408 | Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 | |
569c558c | 409 | 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time |
28f540f4 | 410 | |
ae828bc6 UD |
411 | |
412 | # US minor outlying islands | |
413 | ||
414 | # Howland, Baker | |
415 | # uninhabited since World War II | |
416 | # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago | |
417 | ||
418 | # Jarvis | |
419 | # uninhabited since 1958 | |
420 | # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati | |
421 | ||
422 | # Johnston | |
423 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
424 | Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST | |
425 | ||
426 | # Kingman | |
427 | # uninhabited | |
428 | ||
f962d792 UD |
429 | # Midway |
430 | Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 | |
431 | -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome | |
432 | -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering | |
433 | -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa | |
434 | ||
ae828bc6 UD |
435 | # Palmyra |
436 | # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati | |
437 | ||
438 | # Wake | |
439 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
440 | Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 | |
441 | 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time | |
442 | ||
443 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
444 | # Vanuatu |
445 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c UD |
446 | Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S |
447 | Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - | |
448 | Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S | |
8a523922 UD |
449 | Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
450 | Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - | |
451 | Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
452 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
453 | Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila | |
569c558c | 454 | 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time |
28f540f4 | 455 | |
28f540f4 RM |
456 | # Wallis and Futuna |
457 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
458 | Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 | |
569c558c | 459 | 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time |
28f540f4 | 460 | |
28f540f4 RM |
461 | ############################################################################### |
462 | ||
463 | # NOTES | |
464 | ||
465 | # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, | |
466 | # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to | |
467 | # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). | |
468 | ||
2864e767 | 469 | # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): |
28f540f4 | 470 | # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is |
2864e767 UD |
471 | # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), |
472 | # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). | |
8a523922 | 473 | # |
30b416ea | 474 | # Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source |
8a523922 UD |
475 | # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
476 | # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), | |
477 | # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries | |
478 | # of the IATA's data after 1990. | |
479 | # | |
480 | # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, | |
481 | # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. | |
28f540f4 RM |
482 | # |
483 | # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, | |
484 | # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which | |
485 | # I found in the UCLA library. | |
486 | # | |
487 | # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is | |
38c097ca | 488 | # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
28f540f4 RM |
489 | # |
490 | # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; | |
491 | # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. | |
492 | # Corrections are welcome! | |
493 | # std dst | |
494 | # LMT Local Mean Time | |
28f540f4 RM |
495 | # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia |
496 | # 9:00 JST Japan | |
28f540f4 RM |
497 | # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia |
498 | # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia | |
328c5f65 | 499 | # 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
28f540f4 | 500 | # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* |
28f540f4 | 501 | # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand |
569c558c | 502 | # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* |
28f540f4 | 503 | # -11:00 SST Samoa |
72d8cdf0 | 504 | # -10:00 HST Hawaii |
e48492ae | 505 | # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* |
28f540f4 | 506 | # |
72d8cdf0 | 507 | # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
28f540f4 | 508 | # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. |
28f540f4 RM |
509 | |
510 | ############################################################################### | |
511 | ||
512 | # Australia | |
513 | ||
bfaf0bbb UD |
514 | # <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> |
515 | # Australia's Daylight Saving Times | |
516 | # </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. | |
517 | ||
b5791037 | 518 | # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
519 | # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. |
520 | # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' | |
521 | # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the | |
522 | # abbreviation does _not_ change... | |
523 | # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least | |
524 | # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the | |
525 | # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses | |
526 | # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight | |
527 | # time'. | |
528 | # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian | |
529 | # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' | |
530 | # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the | |
531 | # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers | |
532 | # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases | |
533 | # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; | |
534 | # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. | |
535 | ||
536 | # From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992): | |
537 | # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: | |
538 | # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 | |
539 | # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 | |
540 | # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 | |
541 | ||
72d8cdf0 | 542 | # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
28f540f4 RM |
543 | # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. |
544 | # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper | |
545 | # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, | |
546 | # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 | |
547 | # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. | |
72d8cdf0 | 548 | # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
28f540f4 | 549 | |
74015205 | 550 | # From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): |
328c5f65 | 551 | # |
74015205 UD |
552 | # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
553 | # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more | |
554 | # relevant entries in this database. | |
328c5f65 | 555 | # |
74015205 UD |
556 | # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
557 | # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> | |
ae828bc6 | 558 | # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
74015205 UD |
559 | # </a> |
560 | # ACT | |
38c097ca | 561 | # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> |
ae828bc6 | 562 | # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
74015205 | 563 | # </a> |
74015205 UD |
564 | # SA |
565 | # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> | |
ae828bc6 | 566 | # Standard Time Act, 1898 |
74015205 UD |
567 | # </a> |
568 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
569 | # Northern Territory |
570 | ||
b5791037 | 571 | # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
572 | # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] |
573 | # # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
574 | # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. | |
575 | # ... | |
576 | # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST | |
577 | ||
b5791037 | 578 | # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
28f540f4 RM |
579 | # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
580 | # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. | |
581 | ||
582 | # Western Australia | |
583 | ||
b5791037 | 584 | # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
585 | # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] |
586 | # # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
587 | # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to | |
588 | # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but | |
589 | # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus | |
590 | # # before reaching parliament. | |
591 | # ... | |
592 | # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST | |
593 | # ... | |
594 | # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
595 | # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W | |
596 | # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
597 | # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W | |
598 | ||
b5791037 | 599 | # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
28f540f4 RM |
600 | # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
601 | # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. | |
602 | ||
b5791037 | 603 | # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): |
28f540f4 RM |
604 | # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney |
605 | # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at | |
606 | # work at 9.00am.) | |
607 | # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse | |
608 | # everybody again. | |
609 | ||
b5791037 | 610 | # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
28f540f4 RM |
611 | # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; |
612 | # it matches what was used in the past. | |
613 | ||
a7123f0e UD |
614 | # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> |
615 | # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ | |
616 | # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses | |
617 | # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. | |
618 | ||
28f540f4 | 619 | # Queensland |
b5791037 | 620 | # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
621 | # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] |
622 | # # [ Dec 1990 ] | |
623 | # ... | |
624 | # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST | |
625 | # ... | |
626 | # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
627 | # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E | |
628 | # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
629 | # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E | |
630 | ||
b5791037 | 631 | # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): |
28f540f4 RM |
632 | # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from |
633 | # October 1989). | |
634 | ||
b5791037 | 635 | # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
28f540f4 RM |
636 | # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
637 | # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving | |
638 | # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... | |
639 | ||
b5791037 | 640 | # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
641 | # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact |
642 | # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised | |
643 | # me.) | |
644 | ||
b5791037 | 645 | # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): |
28f540f4 RM |
646 | # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted |
647 | # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... | |
648 | # ... | |
649 | # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
650 | # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S | |
651 | # ... | |
652 | ||
b5791037 | 653 | # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
28f540f4 RM |
654 | # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. |
655 | ||
656 | # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria | |
657 | ||
b5791037 | 658 | # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
28f540f4 RM |
659 | # The rules from version 7.1 follow. |
660 | # There are lots of differences between these rules and | |
661 | # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules | |
662 | # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on | |
663 | # current DST ending dates, no worries. | |
664 | # | |
665 | # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - | |
666 | # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - | |
667 | # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - | |
668 | # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - | |
669 | # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - | |
670 | # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST | |
671 | # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST | |
672 | # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 | |
673 | # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 | |
674 | # 10:00 Oz EST | |
675 | ||
b5791037 | 676 | # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
677 | # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... |
678 | # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the | |
679 | # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states | |
680 | # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). | |
681 | # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think | |
682 | # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. | |
683 | ||
684 | # South Australia | |
685 | ||
b5791037 | 686 | # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
28f540f4 RM |
687 | # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
688 | # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving | |
689 | # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... | |
690 | ||
b5791037 | 691 | # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
692 | # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] |
693 | # # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
694 | # ... | |
695 | # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST | |
696 | # ... | |
697 | # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
698 | # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C | |
699 | # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C | |
700 | # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C | |
701 | ||
b5791037 | 702 | # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): |
28f540f4 RM |
703 | # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide |
704 | # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, | |
705 | # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." | |
706 | ||
b5791037 | 707 | # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): |
28f540f4 RM |
708 | # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) |
709 | # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even | |
710 | # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival | |
711 | # is on... | |
712 | ||
b5791037 | 713 | # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): |
28f540f4 RM |
714 | # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... |
715 | # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... | |
716 | # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). | |
717 | ||
b5791037 | 718 | # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): |
28f540f4 RM |
719 | # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, |
720 | # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can | |
721 | # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... | |
722 | ||
723 | # From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): | |
724 | # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... | |
725 | # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... | |
726 | # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. | |
727 | ||
728 | # Tasmania | |
729 | ||
a7123f0e UD |
730 | # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
731 | # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
28f540f4 RM |
732 | # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
733 | # # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
28f540f4 | 734 | |
b5791037 | 735 | # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): |
28f540f4 RM |
736 | # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have |
737 | # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia | |
738 | # (but nothing new about that). | |
739 | ||
2864e767 UD |
740 | # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): |
741 | # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the | |
742 | # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, | |
743 | # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria | |
744 | # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 | |
745 | # instead of the first Sunday in October. | |
746 | ||
89533d41 UD |
747 | # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: |
748 | # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 | |
749 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
750 | # Victoria |
751 | ||
a7123f0e UD |
752 | # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
753 | # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): | |
28f540f4 RM |
754 | # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
755 | # # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
28f540f4 RM |
756 | |
757 | # New South Wales | |
758 | ||
759 | # From Arthur David Olson: | |
760 | # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. | |
761 | # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), | |
762 | # who notes: | |
763 | # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the | |
764 | # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' | |
765 | # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common | |
766 | # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the | |
767 | # legislation. This is very important to understand. | |
768 | # I have researched New South Wales time only... | |
769 | ||
a7123f0e UD |
770 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
771 | # The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission | |
772 | # <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> | |
773 | # Daylight Saving | |
774 | # </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. | |
775 | # The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department | |
776 | # publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: | |
777 | # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> | |
778 | # Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales | |
779 | # </a> | |
18926cf4 | 780 | |
38c097ca UD |
781 | # From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): |
782 | # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual | |
a7123f0e | 783 | # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, |
38c097ca UD |
784 | # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> |
785 | # Two months more daylight saving | |
786 | # </a> | |
787 | # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] | |
788 | ||
a7123f0e UD |
789 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
790 | # See the following official NSW source: | |
38c097ca UD |
791 | # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> |
792 | # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. | |
793 | # </a> | |
a7123f0e UD |
794 | # |
795 | # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of | |
796 | # daylight saving next year. See: | |
797 | # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> | |
798 | # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving | |
799 | # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. | |
800 | # | |
801 | # Victoria will following NSW. See: | |
802 | # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> | |
803 | # Vic to extend daylight saving | |
804 | # </a> (1999-07-28). | |
805 | # | |
806 | # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: | |
807 | # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> | |
808 | # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request | |
809 | # </a> (1999-07-19). | |
810 | # | |
811 | # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: | |
812 | # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> | |
813 | # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics | |
814 | # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying | |
815 | # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time | |
816 | # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very | |
817 | # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of | |
328c5f65 | 818 | # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
a7123f0e UD |
819 | # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' |
820 | # | |
821 | # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: | |
822 | # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> | |
823 | # Broken Hill to be behind the times | |
824 | # </a> (1999-07-21). | |
907a1bac | 825 | |
b21c5832 AS |
826 | # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
827 | # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken | |
38c097ca | 828 | # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
b21c5832 | 829 | |
a133e4fa | 830 | # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: |
3d73829c UD |
831 | # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW |
832 | # towns to use Queensland time. | |
a133e4fa | 833 | |
28f540f4 RM |
834 | # Yancowinna |
835 | ||
a133e4fa | 836 | # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): |
28f540f4 RM |
837 | # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. |
838 | ||
b5791037 | 839 | # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
840 | # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] |
841 | # # [ Dec 1990 ] | |
842 | # ... | |
ff152e3f | 843 | # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the |
28f540f4 RM |
844 | # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings |
845 | # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government | |
846 | # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have | |
847 | # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not | |
848 | # # presently available. | |
849 | # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST | |
850 | # ... | |
851 | # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
852 | # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C | |
853 | # [followed by other Rules] | |
854 | ||
855 | # Lord Howe Island | |
856 | ||
b5791037 | 857 | # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
858 | # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] |
859 | # [ Dec 1990 ] | |
860 | # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an | |
861 | # hour ahead of NSW time. | |
862 | ||
bfaf0bbb UD |
863 | # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): |
864 | # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same | |
865 | # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the | |
866 | # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is | |
867 | # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time | |
868 | # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour | |
869 | # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents | |
870 | # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing | |
871 | # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will | |
872 | # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. | |
873 | ||
3d73829c UD |
874 | # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): |
875 | # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards | |
876 | # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently | |
877 | # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as | |
878 | # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start | |
879 | # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. | |
a133e4fa | 880 | |
328c5f65 UD |
881 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): |
882 | # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. | |
883 | # For times we use Lonergan. | |
72d8cdf0 | 884 | |
28f540f4 RM |
885 | ############################################################################### |
886 | ||
0af4c646 | 887 | # New Zealand |
28f540f4 | 888 | |
b5791037 | 889 | # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): |
28f540f4 RM |
890 | # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. |
891 | # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for | |
892 | # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). | |
893 | # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. | |
894 | ||
b5791037 | 895 | # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
896 | # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! |
897 | # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. | |
898 | # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] | |
899 | # # [ Nov 1990 ] | |
900 | # ... | |
901 | # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D | |
902 | # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D | |
903 | # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S | |
904 | # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S | |
905 | # ... | |
906 | # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand | |
907 | # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island | |
908 | ||
b5791037 | 909 | # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
28f540f4 RM |
910 | # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 |
911 | # rather than the October 1 value. | |
912 | ||
72d8cdf0 RM |
913 | # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); |
914 | # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. | |
915 | # Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight | |
916 | # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard | |
917 | # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. | |
918 | # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. | |
919 | # | |
2864e767 UD |
920 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
921 | # Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, | |
922 | # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) | |
8a523922 | 923 | # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. |
2864e767 | 924 | # Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. |
72d8cdf0 | 925 | |
28f540f4 RM |
926 | ############################################################################### |
927 | ||
0af4c646 | 928 | |
28f540f4 RM |
929 | # Fiji |
930 | ||
38c097ca UD |
931 | # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji |
932 | # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time | |
933 | # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). | |
28f540f4 | 934 | |
b21c5832 AS |
935 | # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): |
936 | # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 | |
328c5f65 | 937 | # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will |
b21c5832 AS |
938 | # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. |
939 | ||
0af4c646 UD |
940 | # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): |
941 | # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. | |
942 | ||
b21c5832 AS |
943 | # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): |
944 | # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to | |
945 | # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it | |
946 | # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific | |
947 | # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new | |
948 | # millenium. | |
949 | ||
3d73829c UD |
950 | # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) |
951 | # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. | |
0af4c646 | 952 | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
953 | # Johnston |
954 | ||
955 | # Johnston data is from usno1995. | |
956 | ||
0af4c646 | 957 | |
dfe1754a RM |
958 | # Kiribati |
959 | ||
960 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): | |
961 | # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati | |
962 | # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' | |
963 | # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. | |
964 | ||
0af4c646 | 965 | |
28f540f4 RM |
966 | # Kwajalein |
967 | ||
968 | # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: | |
969 | # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, | |
b5791037 | 970 | # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with |
28f540f4 RM |
971 | # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, |
972 | # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. | |
973 | ||
0af4c646 | 974 | |
72d8cdf0 | 975 | # N Mariana Is, Guam |
28f540f4 | 976 | |
38c097ca | 977 | # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the |
28f540f4 RM |
978 | # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones |
979 | # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. | |
980 | # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila. | |
72d8cdf0 | 981 | |
328c5f65 UD |
982 | # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, |
983 | # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, | |
984 | # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, | |
985 | # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". | |
986 | ||
0af4c646 | 987 | |
dfe1754a RM |
988 | # Micronesia |
989 | ||
990 | # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), | |
991 | # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" | |
992 | # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' | |
993 | # | |
e48492ae | 994 | # Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; |
dfe1754a RM |
995 | # ignore this for now. |
996 | ||
2864e767 UD |
997 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
998 | # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in | |
999 | # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> | |
1000 | # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information | |
1001 | # </a> (1999-01-26) | |
e48492ae UD |
1002 | # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. |
1003 | # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. | |
1004 | ||
0af4c646 | 1005 | |
e48492ae UD |
1006 | # Pitcairn |
1007 | ||
1008 | # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): | |
1009 | # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 | |
1010 | # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. | |
1011 | # | |
1012 | # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be | |
1013 | # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known | |
1014 | # as Pitcairn Standard Time. | |
1015 | # | |
1016 | # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several | |
1017 | # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation | |
1018 | # somehow in light of this proclamation. | |
1019 | ||
1020 | # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): | |
1021 | # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 | |
1022 | # ... at midnight. | |
1023 | ||
1024 | # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: | |
1025 | # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as | |
1026 | # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in | |
1027 | # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. | |
2864e767 | 1028 | |
0af4c646 | 1029 | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
1030 | # Samoa |
1031 | ||
38c097ca UD |
1032 | # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) |
1033 | # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
1034 | # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
1035 | # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that | |
1036 | # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' | |
dfe1754a | 1037 | |
0af4c646 | 1038 | |
dfe1754a RM |
1039 | # Tonga |
1040 | ||
1041 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): | |
1042 | # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting | |
1043 | # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' | |
1044 | # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. | |
38c097ca UD |
1045 | |
1046 | # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle | |
1047 | # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> | |
1048 | # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' | |
1049 | # </a>: | |
1050 | ||
1051 | # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST | |
1052 | # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its | |
1053 | # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its | |
1054 | # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of | |
1055 | # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees | |
1056 | # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). | |
1057 | # | |
1058 | # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince | |
1059 | # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time | |
1060 | # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. | |
1061 | # | |
1062 | # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer | |
1063 | # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 | |
a7123f0e | 1064 | # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
38c097ca UD |
1065 | # minutes we have lost?" |
1066 | # | |
1067 | # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that | |
1068 | # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth | |
1069 | # to say your prayers in the morning." | |
1070 | ||
1071 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): | |
1072 | # Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. | |
1073 | ||
1074 | # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): | |
1075 | # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium | |
1076 | # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. | |
1077 | # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from | |
1078 | # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan | |
1079 | # Government. | |
a7123f0e UD |
1080 | |
1081 | # From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): | |
1082 | # * Tonga will introduce DST in November | |
328c5f65 | 1083 | # |
a7123f0e UD |
1084 | # I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: |
1085 | # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> | |
1086 | # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm | |
1087 | # </a> | |
328c5f65 | 1088 | # |
a7123f0e UD |
1089 | # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November |
1090 | # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead | |
1091 | # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead | |
1092 | # (12 + 1 hour DST). | |
1093 | ||
1094 | # From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): | |
1095 | # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> | |
1096 | # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html | |
1097 | # </a>: | |
328c5f65 UD |
1098 | # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 |
1099 | # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the | |
1100 | # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on | |
1101 | # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and | |
a7123f0e UD |
1102 | # set back an hour on the closing date." |
1103 | # Alas, no indication of the time of day. | |
2864e767 UD |
1104 | |
1105 | # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): | |
1106 | # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. | |
1107 | # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. | |
0af4c646 | 1108 | |
3d73829c UD |
1109 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): |
1110 | # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com | |
1111 | # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 | |
1112 | # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article | |
1113 | # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the | |
1114 | # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. | |
1115 | # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) | |
1116 | ||
1117 | # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): | |
1118 | # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. | |
0af4c646 UD |
1119 | |
1120 | ############################################################################### | |
1121 | ||
1122 | # The International Date Line | |
1123 | ||
1124 | # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): | |
328c5f65 | 1125 | # |
0af4c646 UD |
1126 | # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, |
1127 | # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. | |
1128 | # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on | |
1129 | # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. | |
1130 | # | |
1131 | # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and | |
1132 | # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL | |
1133 | # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most | |
1134 | # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line | |
1135 | # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific | |
1136 | # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international | |
1137 | # convention, but are not legally binding national borders. | |
1138 | # | |
1139 | # An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that | |
1140 | # legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at | |
1141 | # the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is | |
1142 | # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some | |
1143 | # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not | |
1144 | # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the | |
1145 | # correct date is ambiguous. |