as may be told to assemble for a particular CPU
(sub-)architecture with the .arch cpu_type directive. This
directive enables a warning when gas detects an instruction that is not
supported on the CPU specified. The choices for cpu_type are:
| ‘default’ | ‘push’ | ‘pop’ | |
| ‘i8086’ | ‘i186’ | ‘i286’ | ‘i386’ |
| ‘i486’ | ‘i586’ | ‘i686’ | ‘pentium’ |
| ‘pentiumpro’ | ‘pentiumii’ | ‘pentiumiii’ | ‘pentium4’ |
| ‘prescott’ | ‘nocona’ | ‘core’ | ‘core2’ |
| ‘corei7’ | ‘iamcu’ | ||
| ‘k6’ | ‘k6_2’ | ‘athlon’ | ‘k8’ |
| ‘amdfam10’ | ‘bdver1’ | ‘bdver2’ | ‘bdver3’ |
| ‘bdver4’ | ‘znver1’ | ‘znver2’ | ‘znver3’ |
| ‘znver4’ | ‘znver5’ | ‘btver1’ | ‘btver2’ |
| ‘generic32’ | |||
| ‘generic64’ | ‘.cmov’ | ‘.fxsr’ | ‘.mmx’ |
| ‘.sse’ | ‘.sse2’ | ‘.sse3’ | ‘.sse4a’ |
| ‘.ssse3’ | ‘.sse4.1’ | ‘.sse4.2’ | ‘.sse4’ |
| ‘.avx’ | ‘.vmx’ | ‘.smx’ | ‘.ept’ |
| ‘.clflush’ | ‘.movbe’ | ‘.xsave’ | ‘.xsaveopt’ |
| ‘.aes’ | ‘.pclmul’ | ‘.fma’ | ‘.fsgsbase’ |
| ‘.rdrnd’ | ‘.f16c’ | ‘.avx2’ | ‘.bmi2’ |
| ‘.lzcnt’ | ‘.popcnt’ | ‘.invpcid’ | ‘.vmfunc’ |
| ‘.monitor’ | ‘.hle’ | ‘.rtm’ | ‘.tsx’ |
| ‘.lahf_sahf’ | ‘.adx’ | ‘.rdseed’ | ‘.prfchw’ |
| ‘.smap’ | ‘.mpx’ | ‘.sha’ | ‘.prefetchwt1’ |
| ‘.clflushopt’ | ‘.xsavec’ | ‘.xsaves’ | ‘.se1’ |
| ‘.avx512f’ | ‘.avx512cd’ | ‘.avx512er’ | ‘.avx512pf’ |
| ‘.avx512vl’ | ‘.avx512bw’ | ‘.avx512dq’ | ‘.avx512ifma’ |
| ‘.avx512vbmi’ | ‘.avx512_4fmaps’ | ‘.avx512_4vnniw’ | |
| ‘.avx512_vpopcntdq’ | ‘.avx512_vbmi2’ | ‘.avx512_vnni’ | |
| ‘.avx512_bitalg’ | ‘.avx512_bf16’ | ‘.avx512_vp2intersect’ | |
| ‘.tdx’ | ‘.avx_vnni’ | ‘.avx512_fp16’ | ‘.avx10.1’ |
| ‘.clwb’ | ‘.rdpid’ | ‘.ptwrite’ | ‘.ibt’ |
| ‘.prefetchi’ | ‘.avx_ifma’ | ‘.avx_vnni_int8’ | |
| ‘.cmpccxadd’ | ‘.wrmsrns’ | ‘.msrlist’ | |
| ‘.avx_ne_convert’ | ‘.rao_int’ | ‘.fred’ | ‘.lkgs’ |
| ‘.avx_vnni_int16’ | ‘.sha512’ | ‘.sm3’ | ‘.sm4’ |
| ‘.pbndkb’ | ‘.user_msr’ | ||
| ‘.wbnoinvd’ | ‘.pconfig’ | ‘.waitpkg’ | ‘.cldemote’ |
| ‘.shstk’ | ‘.gfni’ | ‘.vaes’ | ‘.vpclmulqdq’ |
| ‘.movdiri’ | ‘.movdir64b’ | ‘.enqcmd’ | ‘.tsxldtrk’ |
| ‘.amx_int8’ | ‘.amx_bf16’ | ‘.amx_fp16’ | |
| ‘.amx_complex’ | ‘.amx_tile’ | ||
| ‘.kl’ | ‘.widekl’ | ‘.uintr’ | ‘.hreset’ |
| ‘.3dnow’ | ‘.3dnowa’ | ‘.sse4a’ | ‘.sse5’ |
| ‘.syscall’ | ‘.rdtscp’ | ‘.svme’ | |
| ‘.lwp’ | ‘.fma4’ | ‘.xop’ | ‘.cx16’ |
| ‘.padlock’ | ‘.clzero’ | ‘.mwaitx’ | ‘.rdpru’ |
| ‘.mcommit’ | ‘.sev_es’ | ‘.snp’ | ‘.invlpgb’ |
| ‘.tlbsync’ | ‘.apx_f’ |
Apart from the warning, there are only two other effects on
as operation; Firstly, if you specify a CPU other than
‘i486’, then shift by one instructions such as ‘sarl $1, %eax’
will automatically use a two byte opcode sequence. The larger three
byte opcode sequence is used on the 486 (and when no architecture is
specified) because it executes faster on the 486. Note that you can
explicitly request the two byte opcode by writing ‘sarl %eax’.
Secondly, if you specify ‘i8086’, ‘i186’, or ‘i286’,
and ‘.code16’ or ‘.code16gcc’ then byte offset
conditional jumps will be promoted when necessary to a two instruction
sequence consisting of a conditional jump of the opposite sense around
an unconditional jump to the target.
Note that the sub-architecture specifiers (starting with a dot) can be prefixed
with no to revoke the respective (and any dependent) functionality.
Note further that ‘.avx10.<N>’ can be suffixed with a vector length
restriction (‘/256’ or ‘/128’, with ‘/512’ simply restoring the
default). Despite these otherwise being "enabling" specifiers, using these
suffixes will disable all insns with wider vector or mask register operands.
On SVR4-derived platforms, the separator character ‘/’ can be replaced by
‘:’.
Following the CPU architecture (but not a sub-architecture, which are those
starting with a dot), you may specify ‘jumps’ or ‘nojumps’ to
control automatic promotion of conditional jumps. ‘jumps’ is the
default, and enables jump promotion; All external jumps will be of the long
variety, and file-local jumps will be promoted as necessary.
(see Handling of Jump Instructions) ‘nojumps’ leaves external conditional jumps as
byte offset jumps, and warns about file-local conditional jumps that
as promotes.
Unconditional jumps are treated as for ‘jumps’.
For example
.arch i8086,nojumps