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Hi. I think I have builded the executive file as you described , because I haven't see any warning or error message. And I think I forgot to tell you that I have build cross-gdb . config --target=mips-elf ; make all install) The 'GDB' I refered is means 'mips-elf-gdb'. But when I use mips-elf-gdb to debug my code generate by cross-gcc , it(mips-elf-gdb) tell me don't know how to run . So how to debug my code and how to know I have succeed in building executive file(just becuase of no warning or error)? Thank very much. DANK SE. :) Best Regards. Yong Liu The attachment result.txt file is the result that I run cross-gcc & cross-gdb.
csh > make mips-elf-gcc -v -g -nostartfiles -fverbose-asm -fpack-struct -Wall -Wl,-Tlinker2.ld -nodefaultlib -Wl,--cref -Wl,--print-map -save-temps -o hello hello.c > result.txt Reading specs from /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/specs mips-elf-gcc: unrecognized option `-nodefaultlib' gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release) /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/cpp0 -lang-c -v -D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=95 -Dmips -DMIPSEB -DR3000 -D_mips -D_MIPSEB -D_R3000 -D__mips__ -D__MIPSEB__ -D__R3000__ -D___mips__ -D_MIPSEB -D_R3000 -D__mips -D__MIPSEB -D__R3000 -D___mips -g -Wall -D__LANGUAGE_C -D_LANGUAGE_C -DLANGUAGE_C -D__SIZE_TYPE__=unsigned int -D__PTRDIFF_TYPE__=int hello.c hello.i GNU CPP version 2.95.3 20010315 (release) [AL 1.1, MM 40] BSD Mips #include "..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/include /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/../../../../mips-elf/sys-include /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/../../../../mips-elf/include End of search list. The following default directories have been omitted from the search path: /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/../../../../include/g++-3 End of omitted list. /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/cc1 hello.i -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -g -Wall -version -fverbose-asm -fpack-struct -o hello.s GNU C version 2.95.3 20010315 (release) (mips-elf) compiled by GNU C version 2.95.3 20010315 (release). hello.c:3: warning: return type of `main' is not `int' /home/yliu/local/mipself/mips-elf/bin/as -g -v -o hello.o hello.s GNU assembler version 2.11.2 (mips-elf) using BFD version 2.11.2 /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/collect2 -o hello -L/home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3 -L/home/yliu/local/mipself/mips-elf/lib -Tlinker2.ld --cref --print-map hello.o -lgcc -lgcc Archive member included because of file (symbol) /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) hello.o (__gccmain) /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(_ctors.o) /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) (__CTOR_LIST__) Memory Configuration Name Origin Length Attributes *default* 0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff Linker script and memory map 0x0000000000000400 .=0x400 .text 0x0000000000000400 0x164 *(.text) .text 0x0000000000000400 0x38 hello.o 0x0000000000000400 main .text 0x0000000000000438 0x12c /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) 0x0000000000000534 __gccmain 0x0000000000000438 __do_global_dtors 0x00000000000004a4 __do_global_ctors 0x0000000000a00000 .=0xa00000 .data 0x0000000000a00000 0x14 *(.data) .data 0x0000000000a00000 0x4 /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) .data 0x0000000000a00004 0x10 /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(_ctors.o) 0x0000000000a00004 __CTOR_LIST__ 0x0000000000a0000c __DTOR_LIST__ .bss 0x0000000000a00014 0x4 *(.bss) .bss 0x0000000000a00014 0x4 /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) 0x0000000000a00018 end=ALIGN(0x8) LOAD hello.o LOAD /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a LOAD /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a OUTPUT(hello elf32-bigmips) .reginfo 0x0000000000000000 0x18 .reginfo 0x0000000000000000 0x18 hello.o .mdebug 0x0000000000000000 0x2e9c .mdebug 0x0000000000000000 0x1110 hello.o .mdebug 0x0000000000001110 0x1be0 /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) .mdebug 0x0000000000002cf0 0x1998 /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(_ctors.o) .rel.dyn 0x0000000000004690 0x0 Cross Reference Table Symbol File __CTOR_LIST__ /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(_ctors.o) /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) __DTOR_LIST__ /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(_ctors.o) /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) __do_global_ctors /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) __do_global_dtors /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) __gccmain /home/yliu/local/mipself/lib/gcc-lib/mips-elf/2.95.3/libgcc.a(__main.o) hello.o main hello.o csh> mips-elf-gdb hello (gdb) run Starting program /home/yliu/program/68ktry/hello Don't know how to run . Try "help target" . (gdb)
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