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Actually you write a set of support functions of which two are read and write (low level i/o functions). These provide the ability to read and write characters to whatever i/o device you are using e.g. a UART. The web documentation on newlib should provide a list of support functions that are required. I believe printf also requires a malloc function (for allocating a buffer). Noah. On Mon, 2 Oct 2000, Russ.Shaw wrote: > Date: Mon, 02 Oct 2000 15:05:55 +1000 > From: Russ.Shaw <russell@webaxs.net> > To: newlib@sources.redhat.com, crossgcc@sourceware.cygnus.com > Subject: Stdio redirection? > > Hi all, > > I'm using gcc-2.95.2 on a gnu/linux system, configured as a > cross-compiler for the hitachi h8300-hms. > > I got a cygnus CD with the hitachi board i bought, but it only > works with windoze, and the manuals don't cover what i need... > > In <stdio.h> (inluded here), how do i get the printf() functions > to use my own putch() and getch() functions for the serial ports? > > > > /* > * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California. > * All rights reserved. > * > * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted > * provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are > * duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, > * advertising materials, and other materials related to such > * distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed > * by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the > * University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived > * from this software without specific prior written permission. > * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR > * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED > * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. > * > * @(#)stdio.h 5.3 (Berkeley) 3/15/86 > */ > > /* > * NB: to fit things in six character monocase externals, the > * stdio code uses the prefix `__s' for stdio objects, typically > * followed by a three-character attempt at a mnemonic. > */ > > #ifndef _STDIO_H_ > #ifdef __cplusplus > extern "C" { > #endif > #define _STDIO_H_ > > #include "_ansi.h" > > #define _FSTDIO /* ``function stdio'' */ > > #define __need_size_t > #include <stddef.h> > > #define __need___va_list > #include <stdarg.h> > > /* > * <sys/reent.h> defines __sFILE, _fpos_t. > * They must be defined there because struct _reent needs them (and we don't > * want reent.h to include this file. > */ > > #include <sys/reent.h> > > typedef _fpos_t fpos_t; > > typedef struct __sFILE FILE; > > #define __SLBF 0x0001 /* line buffered */ > #define __SNBF 0x0002 /* unbuffered */ > #define __SRD 0x0004 /* OK to read */ > #define __SWR 0x0008 /* OK to write */ > /* RD and WR are never simultaneously asserted */ > #define __SRW 0x0010 /* open for reading & writing */ > #define __SEOF 0x0020 /* found EOF */ > #define __SERR 0x0040 /* found error */ > #define __SMBF 0x0080 /* _buf is from malloc */ > #define __SAPP 0x0100 /* fdopen()ed in append mode - so must write to end */ > #define __SSTR 0x0200 /* this is an sprintf/snprintf string */ > #define __SOPT 0x0400 /* do fseek() optimisation */ > #define __SNPT 0x0800 /* do not do fseek() optimisation */ > #define __SOFF 0x1000 /* set iff _offset is in fact correct */ > #define __SMOD 0x2000 /* true => fgetline modified _p text */ > #if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__CYGWIN__) > #define __SCLE 0x4000 /* convert line endings CR/LF <-> NL */ > #endif > > /* > * The following three definitions are for ANSI C, which took them > * from System V, which stupidly took internal interface macros and > * made them official arguments to setvbuf(), without renaming them. > * Hence, these ugly _IOxxx names are *supposed* to appear in user code. > * > * Although these happen to match their counterparts above, the > * implementation does not rely on that (so these could be renumbered). > */ > #define _IOFBF 0 /* setvbuf should set fully buffered */ > #define _IOLBF 1 /* setvbuf should set line buffered */ > #define _IONBF 2 /* setvbuf should set unbuffered */ > > #ifndef NULL > #define NULL 0 > #endif > > #define BUFSIZ 1024 > #define EOF (-1) > > #define FOPEN_MAX 20 /* must be <= OPEN_MAX <sys/syslimits.h> */ > #define FILENAME_MAX 1024 /* must be <= PATH_MAX <sys/syslimits.h> */ > #define L_tmpnam 1024 /* XXX must be == PATH_MAX */ > #ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__ > #define P_tmpdir "/tmp" > #endif > > #ifndef SEEK_SET > #define SEEK_SET 0 /* set file offset to offset */ > #endif > #ifndef SEEK_CUR > #define SEEK_CUR 1 /* set file offset to current plus offset */ > #endif > #ifndef SEEK_END > #define SEEK_END 2 /* set file offset to EOF plus offset */ > #endif > > #define TMP_MAX 26 > > #define stdin (_impure_ptr->_stdin) > #define stdout (_impure_ptr->_stdout) > #define stderr (_impure_ptr->_stderr) > > #define _stdin_r(x) ((x)->_stdin) > #define _stdout_r(x) ((x)->_stdout) > #define _stderr_r(x) ((x)->_stderr) > > /* > * Functions defined in ANSI C standard. > */ > > #ifdef __GNUC__ > #define __VALIST __gnuc_va_list > #else > #define __VALIST char* > #endif > > #ifndef _REENT_ONLY > int _EXFUN(remove, (const char *)); > int _EXFUN(rename, (const char *, const char *)); > #endif > char * _EXFUN(tempnam, (const char *, const char *)); > FILE * _EXFUN(tmpfile, (void)); > char * _EXFUN(tmpnam, (char *)); > int _EXFUN(fclose, (FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(fflush, (FILE *)); > FILE * _EXFUN(freopen, (const char *, const char *, FILE *)); > void _EXFUN(setbuf, (FILE *, char *)); > int _EXFUN(setvbuf, (FILE *, char *, int, size_t)); > int _EXFUN(fprintf, (FILE *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(fscanf, (FILE *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(printf, (const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(scanf, (const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(sscanf, (const char *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(vfprintf, (FILE *, const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(vprintf, (const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(vsprintf, (char *, const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(vsnprintf, (char *, size_t, const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(fgetc, (FILE *)); > char * _EXFUN(fgets, (char *, int, FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(fputc, (int, FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(fputs, (const char *, FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(getc, (FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(getchar, (void)); > char * _EXFUN(gets, (char *)); > int _EXFUN(putc, (int, FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(putchar, (int)); > int _EXFUN(puts, (const char *)); > int _EXFUN(ungetc, (int, FILE *)); > size_t _EXFUN(fread, (_PTR, size_t _size, size_t _n, FILE *)); > size_t _EXFUN(fwrite, (const _PTR , size_t _size, size_t _n, FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(fgetpos, (FILE *, fpos_t *)); > int _EXFUN(fseek, (FILE *, long, int)); > int _EXFUN(fsetpos, (FILE *, const fpos_t *)); > long _EXFUN(ftell, ( FILE *)); > void _EXFUN(rewind, (FILE *)); > void _EXFUN(clearerr, (FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(feof, (FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(ferror, (FILE *)); > void _EXFUN(perror, (const char *)); > #ifndef _REENT_ONLY > FILE * _EXFUN(fopen, (const char *_name, const char *_type)); > int _EXFUN(sprintf, (char *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(snprintf, (char *, size_t, const char *, ...)); > #endif > #ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__ > int _EXFUN(vfiprintf, (FILE *, const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(iprintf, (const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(fiprintf, (FILE *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(siprintf, (char *, const char *, ...)); > #endif > > /* > * Routines in POSIX 1003.1. > */ > > #ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__ > #ifndef _REENT_ONLY > FILE * _EXFUN(fdopen, (int, const char *)); > #endif > int _EXFUN(fileno, (FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(getw, (FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(pclose, (FILE *)); > FILE * _EXFUN(popen, (const char *, const char *)); > int _EXFUN(putw, (int, FILE *)); > void _EXFUN(setbuffer, (FILE *, char *, int)); > int _EXFUN(setlinebuf, (FILE *)); > #endif > > /* > * Recursive versions of the above. > */ > > FILE * _EXFUN(_fdopen_r, (struct _reent *, int, const char *)); > FILE * _EXFUN(_fopen_r, (struct _reent *, const char *, const char *)); > int _EXFUN(_getchar_r, (struct _reent *)); > char * _EXFUN(_gets_r, (struct _reent *, char *)); > int _EXFUN(_iprintf_r, (struct _reent *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(_mkstemp_r, (struct _reent *, char *)); > char * _EXFUN(_mktemp_r, (struct _reent *, char *)); > void _EXFUN(_perror_r, (struct _reent *, const char *)); > int _EXFUN(_printf_r, (struct _reent *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(_putchar_r, (struct _reent *, int)); > int _EXFUN(_puts_r, (struct _reent *, const char *)); > int _EXFUN(_remove_r, (struct _reent *, const char *)); > int _EXFUN(_rename_r, (struct _reent *, > const char *_old, const char *_new)); > int _EXFUN(_scanf_r, (struct _reent *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(_sprintf_r, (struct _reent *, char *, const char *, ...)); > int _EXFUN(_snprintf_r, (struct _reent *, char *, size_t, const char *, ...)); > char * _EXFUN(_tempnam_r, (struct _reent *, const char *, const char *)); > FILE * _EXFUN(_tmpfile_r, (struct _reent *)); > char * _EXFUN(_tmpnam_r, (struct _reent *, char *)); > int _EXFUN(_vfprintf_r, (struct _reent *, FILE *, const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(_vprintf_r, (struct _reent *, const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(_vsprintf_r, (struct _reent *, char *, const char *, __VALIST)); > int _EXFUN(_vsnprintf_r, (struct _reent *, char *, size_t, const char *, __VALIST)); > > /* > * Routines internal to the implementation. > */ > > int _EXFUN(__srget, (FILE *)); > int _EXFUN(__swbuf, (int, FILE *)); > > /* > * Stdio function-access interface. > */ > > #ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__ > FILE *_EXFUN(funopen,(const _PTR _cookie, > int (*readfn)(_PTR _cookie, char *_buf, int _n), > int (*writefn)(_PTR _cookie, const char *_buf, int _n), > fpos_t (*seekfn)(_PTR _cookie, fpos_t _off, int _whence), > int (*closefn)(_PTR _cookie))); > > #define fropen(cookie, fn) funopen(cookie, fn, (int (*)())0, (fpos_t (*)())0, (int (*)())0) > #define fwopen(cookie, fn) funopen(cookie, (int (*)())0, fn, (fpos_t (*)())0, (int (*)())0) > #endif > > /* > * The __sfoo macros are here so that we can > * define function versions in the C library. > */ > #define __sgetc_raw(p) (--(p)->_r < 0 ? __srget(p) : (int)(*(p)->_p++)) > > #ifdef __SCLE > static __inline__ int __sgetc(FILE *__p) > { > int __c = __sgetc_raw(__p); > if ((__p->_flags & __SCLE) && (__c == '\r')) > { > int __c2 = __sgetc_raw(__p); > if (__c2 == '\n') > __c = __c2; > else > ungetc(__c2, __p); > } > return __c; > } > #else > #define __sgetc(p) __sgetc_raw(p) > #endif > > #ifdef _never /* __GNUC__ */ > /* If this inline is actually used, then systems using coff debugging > info get hopelessly confused. 21sept93 rich@cygnus.com. */ > static __inline int __sputc(int _c, FILE *_p) { > if (--_p->_w >= 0 || (_p->_w >= _p->_lbfsize && (char)_c != '\n')) > return (*_p->_p++ = _c); > else > return (__swbuf(_c, _p)); > } > #else > /* > * This has been tuned to generate reasonable code on the vax using pcc > */ > #define __sputc_raw(c, p) \ > (--(p)->_w < 0 ? \ > (p)->_w >= (p)->_lbfsize ? \ > (*(p)->_p = (c)), *(p)->_p != '\n' ? \ > (int)*(p)->_p++ : \ > __swbuf('\n', p) : \ > __swbuf((int)(c), p) : \ > (*(p)->_p = (c), (int)*(p)->_p++)) > #ifdef __SCLE > #define __sputc(c, p) \ > ((((p)->_flags & __SCLE) && ((c) == '\n')) \ > ? __sputc_raw('\r', (p)) : 0 , \ > __sputc_raw((c), (p))) > #else > #define __sputc(c, p) __sputc_raw(c, p) > #endif > #endif > > #define __sfeof(p) (((p)->_flags & __SEOF) != 0) > #define __sferror(p) (((p)->_flags & __SERR) != 0) > #define __sclearerr(p) ((void)((p)->_flags &= ~(__SERR|__SEOF))) > #define __sfileno(p) ((p)->_file) > > #define feof(p) __sfeof(p) > #define ferror(p) __sferror(p) > #define clearerr(p) __sclearerr(p) > > #if 0 /*ndef __STRICT_ANSI__ - FIXME: must initialize stdio first, use fn */ > #define fileno(p) __sfileno(p) > #endif > > #ifndef __CYGWIN__ > #ifndef lint > #define getc(fp) __sgetc(fp) > #define putc(x, fp) __sputc(x, fp) > #endif /* lint */ > #endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ > > #define getchar() getc(stdin) > #define putchar(x) putc(x, stdout) > > #ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__ > /* fast always-buffered version, true iff error */ > #define fast_putc(x,p) (--(p)->_w < 0 ? \ > __swbuf((int)(x), p) == EOF : (*(p)->_p = (x), (p)->_p++, 0)) > > #define L_cuserid 9 /* posix says it goes in stdio.h :( */ > #ifdef __CYGWIN__ > #define L_ctermid 16 > #endif > #endif > > #ifdef __cplusplus > } > #endif > #endif /* _STDIO_H_ */ > > > > -- > ******************************************* > * Russell Shaw, B.Eng, M.Eng(Research) * > * email: russell@webaxs.net * > * Victoria, Australia * > ******************************************* > > ------ > Want more information? See the CrossGCC FAQ, http://www.objsw.com/CrossGCC/ > Want to unsubscribe? Send a note to crossgcc-unsubscribe@sourceware.cygnus.com > Noah Aklilu aklilu@nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca http://www.ee.ualberta.ca/~aklilu/ "Integrity is something you do when no one is looking" ------ Want more information? See the CrossGCC FAQ, http://www.objsw.com/CrossGCC/ Want to unsubscribe? Send a note to crossgcc-unsubscribe@sourceware.cygnus.com
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